Cathole

Location

Site Name
Cathole
Parish
Ilston
Gower Region
North/Central Gower
Latitude
0
Longitude
0
X
Y
Z
0
OSNG

Identification

Position

Cat Hole_APG1.jpg

Entrance

Cathole - entrance_K6A0940_w.jpg

Entrance Height (m)
0
Entrance Width (m)
0
Type of Cave
Archaeological
Access

Description

Header

Cathole is perhaps .....Sed ultrices scelerisque enim ut malesuada. Nullam viverra risus eget purus posuere, quis tincidunt sem varius. Nulla luctus posuere congue. Curabitur convallis ut libero quis tincidunt . Nullam sit amet mattis risus. Integer eleifend justo.

References

{1902014:ULMPDRAQ} harvard1 creator asc 1 0 2180
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A400%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22I3XRZXZA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%20%282001%29%20%26%23x201C%3BGreat%20Sites%3A%20Paviland%20Cave%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBritish%20Archaeology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.archaeologyuk.org%5C%2Fba%5C%2Fba61%5C%2Ffeat3.shtml%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.archaeologyuk.org%5C%2Fba%5C%2Fba61%5C%2Ffeat3.shtml%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2020%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Great%20Sites%3A%20Paviland%20Cave%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Stephen%20Aldhouse-Green%20looks%20at%20new%20research%20on%20the%20site%20of%20Britain%5Cu2019s%20best-known%20Palaeolithic%20burial%2C%20a%20young%20man%20who%20died%20some%2026%2C000%20years%20ago.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.archaeologyuk.org%5C%2Fba%5C%2Fba61%5C%2Ffeat3.shtml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-03-01T18%3A15%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227MTRRJPZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%20%28ed.%29%20%282000%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPaviland%20Cave%20and%20the%20Red%20Lady%3A%20A%20Definitive%20Report%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Bristol%3A%20Western%20Academic%20and%20Specialist%20Press%20Ltd.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26amp%3BlinkCode%3Das2%26amp%3Bcamp%3D1634%26amp%3Bcreative%3D6738%26amp%3Btag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26amp%3BcreativeASIN%3D0953541819%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26amp%3BlinkCode%3Das2%26amp%3Bcamp%3D1634%26amp%3Bcreative%3D6738%26amp%3Btag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26amp%3BcreativeASIN%3D0953541819%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2023%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%20and%20the%20Red%20Lady%3A%20A%20Definitive%20Report%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%20on%20Wales%26%23039%3B%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20discovered%20in%201823%2C%20contained%20the%20remains%20of%20a%20young%20adult%20male%2C%20covered%20with%20red%20ochre%2C%20misidentified%20as%20%26%23039%3Bthe%20red%20lady%26%23039%3B.%20The%20richest%20Early%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20site%20in%20Britain%2C%20its%20recent%20re-excavation%2C%20a%20study%20of%20previously%20excavated%20artefacts%20and%20a%20suite%20of%20radiocarbon%20dates%20have%20enabled%20intriguing%20new%20interpretations%20to%20be%20made%20of%20Paviland.%20Paviland%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20of%20Wales%20is%20the%20richest%20Early%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20site%20in%20Britain.%20It%20came%20to%20light%20in%201823%20when%20the%20Reverend%20William%20Buckland%20discovered%20the%20remains%20of%20a%20young%20adult%20male%2C%20covered%20with%20red%20ochre%2C%20in%20Goat%26%23039%3Bs%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20Paviland.%20The%20circumstances%20of%20the%20burial%20hint%20at%20a%20ritual%20or%20shamanic%20use%20of%20the%20site.%20Ceremonially%20buried%2C%20with%20ivory%20ornaments%20and%20perforated%20sea%20shells%2C%20the%20body%20soon%20became%20the%20subject%20of%20debate%2C%20not%20least%20because%20the%20original%20finder%20of%20the%20skeleton%20pronounced%20it%20that%20of%20a%20woman%2C%20the%20%26%23039%3BRed%20Lady%26%23039%3B%20of%20Paviland.%20The%20recent%20re-excavation%20of%20the%20site%2C%20a%20new%20study%20of%20previously%20excavated%20artefacts%2C%20and%20a%20suite%20of%20radiocarbon%20dates%2C%20have%20enabled%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20phases%20and%20nature%20of%20human%20use%20of%20the%20cave.%20Set%20in%20the%20context%20of%20climatic%20and%20environmental%20change%2C%20this%20has%20allowed%20new%2C%20intriguing%20interpretations%20to%20be%20made%20of%20Paviland.%20The%20first%20human%20presence%2C%20in%20this%20case%20that%20of%20Neanderthals%2C%20may%20date%20back%20to%2050%2C000%20years%20ago.%20The%20presence%20of%20an%20anatomically%20modern%20human%20at%20Paviland%20c.%2026%2C000%20BP%2C%20with%20no%20trace%20of%20Neanderthal%20features%2C%20poses%20questions%20about%20the%20timing%20of%20the%20colonisation%20of%20the%20British%20Peninsula%20by%20modern%20humans.%20The%20issue%20of%20whether%20parts%20of%20Britain%20were%20either%20empty%20of%20human%20population%20at%20this%20time%20or%2C%20alternatively%2C%20served%20as%20refugia%20for%20the%20last%20surviving%20populations%20of%20Neanderthals%20is%20discussed.%20The%20dating%20evidence%20from%20Paviland%20suggests%20that%20the%20Aurignacian%20appeared%20relatively%20late%20in%20Britain%2C%20towards%2028%2C000%20BP%2C%20and%20the%20Britain%20was%20only%20infrequently%20visited%20by%20task%20groups%20or%20-%20more%20controversially%20-%20pilgrims%20during%20the%20climatic%20downturn%20from%2027%2C000%20BP%20until%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20Last%20Glacial%20Maximum.%20The%20project%20to%20re-evaluate%20the%20site%20and%20to%20re-study%20the%20artefacts%20began%20in%201996%2C%20led%20by%20Dr%20Stephen%20Aldhouse-Green%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Wales%20College%2C%20Newport%2C%20and%20was%20completed%20in%201999.%20This%20volume%20is%20the%20definitive%20report%20of%20that%20study%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-9535418-1-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1634%26creative%3D6738%26tag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26creativeASIN%3D0953541819%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-27T18%3A05%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L7VWTPHN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%20%282012%29%20%26%23x201C%3BBooks%20and%20the%20Night%3A%20Paviland%2C%20Pontnewydd%20and%20Palaeolithic%20Journeys%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20in%20J.R.%20Trigg%20%28ed.%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOf%20Things%20Gone%20but%20not%20Forgotten%3A%20Essays%20in%20archaeology%20for%20Joan%20Taylor%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Oxford%3A%20Archaeopress%20%28British%20Archaeological%20Report%20International%20Series%2C%202434%29%2C%20pp.%2025%26%23x2013%3B35.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Books%20and%20the%20Night%3A%20Paviland%2C%20Pontnewydd%20and%20Palaeolithic%20Journeys%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trigg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Of%20Things%20Gone%20but%20not%20Forgotten%3A%20Essays%20in%20archaeology%20for%20Joan%20Taylor%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2233DAR92R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%20%28ed.%29%20%282000%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Paviland%20radiocarbon%20dating%20programme%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20in%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPaviland%20Cave%20and%20the%20Red%20Lady%3A%20A%20Definitive%20Report%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Bristol%3A%20Western%20Academic%20and%20Specialist%20Press%20Ltd.%2C%20pp.%2063%26%23x2013%3B71.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26amp%3BlinkCode%3Das2%26amp%3Bcamp%3D1634%26amp%3Bcreative%3D6738%26amp%3Btag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26amp%3BcreativeASIN%3D0953541819%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26amp%3BlinkCode%3Das2%26amp%3Bcamp%3D1634%26amp%3Bcreative%3D6738%26amp%3Btag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26amp%3BcreativeASIN%3D0953541819%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2023%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Paviland%20radiocarbon%20dating%20programme%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%20on%20Wales%26%23039%3B%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20discovered%20in%201823%2C%20contained%20the%20remains%20of%20a%20young%20adult%20male%2C%20covered%20with%20red%20ochre%2C%20misidentified%20as%20%26%23039%3Bthe%20red%20lady%26%23039%3B.%20The%20richest%20Early%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20site%20in%20Britain%2C%20its%20recent%20re-excavation%2C%20a%20study%20of%20previously%20excavated%20artefacts%20and%20a%20suite%20of%20radiocarbon%20dates%20have%20enabled%20intriguing%20new%20interpretations%20to%20be%20made%20of%20Paviland.%20Paviland%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20of%20Wales%20is%20the%20richest%20Early%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20site%20in%20Britain.%20It%20came%20to%20light%20in%201823%20when%20the%20Reverend%20William%20Buckland%20discovered%20the%20remains%20of%20a%20young%20adult%20male%2C%20covered%20with%20red%20ochre%2C%20in%20Goat%26%23039%3Bs%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20Paviland.%20The%20circumstances%20of%20the%20burial%20hint%20at%20a%20ritual%20or%20shamanic%20use%20of%20the%20site.%20Ceremonially%20buried%2C%20with%20ivory%20ornaments%20and%20perforated%20sea%20shells%2C%20the%20body%20soon%20became%20the%20subject%20of%20debate%2C%20not%20least%20because%20the%20original%20finder%20of%20the%20skeleton%20pronounced%20it%20that%20of%20a%20woman%2C%20the%20%26%23039%3BRed%20Lady%26%23039%3B%20of%20Paviland.%20The%20recent%20re-excavation%20of%20the%20site%2C%20a%20new%20study%20of%20previously%20excavated%20artefacts%2C%20and%20a%20suite%20of%20radiocarbon%20dates%2C%20have%20enabled%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20phases%20and%20nature%20of%20human%20use%20of%20the%20cave.%20Set%20in%20the%20context%20of%20climatic%20and%20environmental%20change%2C%20this%20has%20allowed%20new%2C%20intriguing%20interpretations%20to%20be%20made%20of%20Paviland.%20The%20first%20human%20presence%2C%20in%20this%20case%20that%20of%20Neanderthals%2C%20may%20date%20back%20to%2050%2C000%20years%20ago.%20The%20presence%20of%20an%20anatomically%20modern%20human%20at%20Paviland%20c.%2026%2C000%20BP%2C%20with%20no%20trace%20of%20Neanderthal%20features%2C%20poses%20questions%20about%20the%20timing%20of%20the%20colonisation%20of%20the%20British%20Peninsula%20by%20modern%20humans.%20The%20issue%20of%20whether%20parts%20of%20Britain%20were%20either%20empty%20of%20human%20population%20at%20this%20time%20or%2C%20alternatively%2C%20served%20as%20refugia%20for%20the%20last%20surviving%20populations%20of%20Neanderthals%20is%20discussed.%20The%20dating%20evidence%20from%20Paviland%20suggests%20that%20the%20Aurignacian%20appeared%20relatively%20late%20in%20Britain%2C%20towards%2028%2C000%20BP%2C%20and%20the%20Britain%20was%20only%20infrequently%20visited%20by%20task%20groups%20or%20-%20more%20controversially%20-%20pilgrims%20during%20the%20climatic%20downturn%20from%2027%2C000%20BP%20until%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20Last%20Glacial%20Maximum.%20The%20project%20to%20re-evaluate%20the%20site%20and%20to%20re-study%20the%20artefacts%20began%20in%201996%2C%20led%20by%20Dr%20Stephen%20Aldhouse-Green%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Wales%20College%2C%20Newport%2C%20and%20was%20completed%20in%201999.%20This%20volume%20is%20the%20definitive%20report%20of%20that%20study%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%20and%20the%20Red%20Lady%3A%20A%20Definitive%20Report%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-9535418-1-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2Fgp%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2F0953541819%3Fie%3DUTF8%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1634%26creative%3D6738%26tag%3Dicknielwaymorr0a%26creativeASIN%3D0953541819%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-25T12%3A20%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AA45Z296%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%20and%20Pettitt%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%20and%20Pettitt%2C%20P.%20%281998%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPaviland%20Cave%3A%20contextualizing%20the%20%26%23x2018%3BRed%20Lady%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAntiquity%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2072%28278%29%2C%20pp.%20756%26%23x2013%3B772.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26amp%3Baid%3D9435403%26amp%3BfulltextType%3DRA%26amp%3BfileId%3DS0003598X00087354%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26amp%3Baid%3D9435403%26amp%3BfulltextType%3DRA%26amp%3BfileId%3DS0003598X00087354%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2020%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%3A%20contextualizing%20the%20%5Cu2018Red%20Lady%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettitt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Paviland%20is%20the%20richest%20Early%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20site%20in%20the%20British%20Isles%20and%20has%20produced%20Britain%26%23039%3Bs%20only%20ceremonial%20burial%20%28the%20%5Cu2018Red%20Lady%5Cu2019%29%20of%20that%20age.%20Excavations%20in%20the%2019th%20and%20early%2020th%20centuries%2C%20combined%20with%20the%20action%20of%20the%20sea%2C%20have%20removed%20virtually%20all%20of%20the%20cave%26%23039%3Bs%20sedimentary%20sequence.%20A%20new%2C%20definitive%20study%20of%20the%20site%20and%20its%20finds%2C%20together%20with%20over%2040%20radiocarbon%20dates%2C%20shows%20that%20Paviland%20currently%20holds%20the%20key%20to%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20chronology%20of%20human%20activity%20and%20settlement%20from%20c.%2030%2C000%20to%2021%2C000%20years%20ago.%20The%20age%20of%20the%20%5Cu2018Red%20Lady%5Cu2019%20is%20also%20finally%20resolved%20at%20c.%2026%2C000%20b.p.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D9435403%26fulltextType%3DRA%26fileId%3DS0003598X00087354%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-06-25T15%3A28%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JHIVQ6AB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAldhouse-Green%2C%20S.%2C%20Pettitt%2C%20P.%20and%20Stringer%2C%20C.%20%281996%29%20%26%23x201C%3BHolocene%20humans%20at%20Pontnewydd%20and%20Cae%20Gronw%20caves%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAntiquity%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2070%28268%29%2C%20pp.%20444%26%23x2013%3B447.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0003598X00083423%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0003598X00083423%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Holocene%20humans%20at%20Pontnewydd%20and%20Cae%20Gronw%20caves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldhouse-Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stringer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pontnewydd%2C%20in%20north%20Wales%2C%20is%20known%20as%20a%20rare%20Middle%20Pleistocene%20site%20in%20northern%20Europe%20with%20human%20remains.%20Radiocarbon%20AMS%20dates%20identify%20human%20specimens%2C%20deriving%20from%20later%20use%20of%20the%20cave%20at%20Pontnewydd%20and%20its%20neighbour%20Cae%20Gronw%2C%20that%20have%20no%20part%20in%20its%20earlier%20story.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0003598X00083423%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221745-1744%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Farticle_S0003598X00083423%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T13%3A00%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YKTERBRT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alexander%20Bentley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAlexander%20Bentley%2C%20R.%20%282006%29%20%26%23x201C%3BStrontium%20Isotopes%20from%20the%20Earth%20to%20the%20Archaeological%20Skeleton%3A%20A%20Review%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Archaeological%20Method%20and%20Theory%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2013%283%29%2C%20pp.%20135%26%23x2013%3B187.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10816-006-9009-x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10816-006-9009-x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Strontium%20Isotopes%20from%20the%20Earth%20to%20the%20Archaeological%20Skeleton%3A%20A%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%20Bentley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Strontium%20isotope%20analysis%20of%20archaeological%20skeletons%20has%20provided%20useful%20and%20exciting%20results%20in%20archaeology%20in%20the%20last%2020%20years%2C%20particularly%20by%20characterizing%20past%20human%20migration%20and%20mobility.%20This%20review%20covers%20the%20biogeochemical%20background%2C%20including%20the%20origin%20of%20strontium%20isotope%20compositions%20in%20rocks%2C%20weathering%20and%20hydrologic%20cycles%20that%20transport%20strontium%2C%20and%20biopurification%20of%20strontium%20from%20to%20soils%2C%20to%20plants%2C%20to%20animals%20and%20finally%20into%20the%20human%20skeleton%2C%20which%20is%20subject%20to%20diagenesis%20after%20burial.%20Spatial%20heterogeneity%20and%20mixing%20relations%20must%20often%20be%20accounted%20for%2C%20rather%20than%20simply%20%60%60matching%26%23039%3B%26%23039%3B%20a%20measured%20strontium%20isotope%20value%20to%20a%20presumed%20single-valued%20geologic%20source.%20The%20successes%2C%20limitations%20and%20future%20potential%20of%20the%20strontium%20isotope%20technique%20are%20illustrated%20through%20case%20studies%20from%20geochemistry%2C%20biogeochemistry%2C%20ecology%20and%20archaeology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10816-006-9009-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-7764%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10816-006-9009-x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228P59XW86%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allen%20and%20Rutter%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221948%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAllen%2C%20E.E.%20and%20Rutter%2C%20J.G.%20%281948%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%202%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Welsh%20Guides.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Gower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%202%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernest%20Edgar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rutter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221948%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26dq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26ved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-07-18T15%3A16%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K7C4EE3E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allen%20and%20Rutter%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221946%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAllen%2C%20E.E.%20and%20Rutter%2C%20J.G.%20%281946%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%201%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Vaughan%20Thomas.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXC8nkgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAA%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXC8nkgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAA%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Gower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%201%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernest%20Edgar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rutter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221946%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXC8nkgAACAAJ%26dq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26ved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAA%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-07-18T14%3A14%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DKJZULIL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ambrose%20and%20Norr%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221993%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAmbrose%2C%20S.H.%20and%20Norr%2C%20L.%20%281993%29%20%26%23x201C%3BExperimental%20Evidence%20for%20the%20Relationship%20of%20the%20Carbon%20Isotope%20Ratios%20of%20Whole%20Diet%20and%20Dietary%20Protein%20to%20Those%20of%20Bone%20Collagen%20and%20Carbonate%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20in%20J.B.%20Lambert%20and%20G.%20Grupe%20%28eds.%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPrehistoric%20Human%20Bone%3A%20Archaeology%20at%20the%20Molecular%20Level%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Berlin%2C%20Heidelberg%3A%20Springer%2C%20pp.%201%26%23x2013%3B37.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-662-02894-0_1%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-662-02894-0_1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Experimental%20Evidence%20for%20the%20Relationship%20of%20the%20Carbon%20Isotope%20Ratios%20of%20Whole%20Diet%20and%20Dietary%20Protein%20to%20Those%20of%20Bone%20Collagen%20and%20Carbonate%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stanley%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ambrose%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lynette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gisela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grupe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20stable%20carbon%20isotopes%20for%20diet%20reconstruction%20is%20predicated%20on%20the%20assumption%20that%20you%20are%20what%20you%20eat.%20In%20other%20words%2C%20the%20carbon%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20animal%20tissues%20is%20assumed%20to%20be%20a%20direct%20and%20constant%20function%20of%20the%20diet.%20Is%20this%20assumption%20valid%3F%20Precise%20dietary%20reconstruction%20requires%20as%20accurate%20knowledge%20of%20the%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20locally%20available%20dietary%20resources%2C%20as%20well%20as%20an%20adequate%20understanding%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20nutrition%2C%20environment%2C%20and%20physiology%20on%20the%20diet-tissue%20function%20%28van%20der%20Merwe%201982%2C%201989%3B%20Chisholm%201989%3B%20Norr%201990%3B%20Matson%20and%20Chisholm%201991%3B%20Tieszen%201991%3B%20Ambrose%201992%29.%20There%20is%20a%20systematic%20but%20poorly%20defined%20difference%20between%20the%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20the%20consumer%20tissues%20and%20that%20of%20the%20diet%20%28an%20enrichment%20factor%2C%20expressed%20as%20%5Cu0394%20diet-tissue%29.%20Given%20the%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20a%20specific%20tissue%2C%20that%20of%20the%20diet%20or%20of%20other%20tissues%20may%20be%20calculated%20if%20the%20%5Cu0394%20diet-tissue%20difference%20factors%20are%20known.%20The%20dietary%20proportions%20of%20isotopically%20distinct%20food%20resources%20%28e.g.%2C%20C3%20vs%20C4%2C%20or%20C3%20vs%20marine%29%20have%20thus%20been%20calculated%20from%20the%20%5Cu03b4%2013C%20value%20of%20bone%20collagen%20%28%5Cu039413Cd-co%29%20and%20bone%20apatite%20carbonate%20%28%5Cu039413Cd-ca%29.%20Deviations%20from%20actual%20or%20assumed%20average%20%5Cu03b4%2013C%20values%20for%20dietary%20endmembers%2C%20and%20incorrect%20values%20for%20diet-to-tissue%20isotopic%20relationships%2C%20will%20lead%20to%20errors%20in%20the%20estimation%20of%20consumption%20of%20specific%20classes%20of%20resources.%20Experiments%20and%20observations%20designed%20to%20determine%20the%20diet-to-collagen%20stable%20isotope%20functions%20%28%5Cu039413Cd-co%29%20however%2C%20have%20provided%20widely%20different%20values.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Prehistoric%20Human%20Bone%3A%20Archaeology%20at%20the%20Molecular%20Level%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221993%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-662-02894-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-662-02894-0_1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F22K8NHY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTooth%20Cave%2C%20Ilston%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ftoothcave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ftoothcave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%207%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tooth%20Cave%2C%20Ilston%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ftoothcave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T13%3A05%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223L9QLFTQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUpper%20Blackhole%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fupperblackhole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fupperblackhole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%207%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Upper%20Blackhole%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fupperblackhole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T13%3A05%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WD6LFEZ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWorm%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Head%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwormsheadcave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwormsheadcave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%207%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Worm%27s%20Head%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwormsheadcave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T13%3A05%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WTK8FNER%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWooley%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Hole%2C%20Llangennith%20Llanmadoc%20and%20Cheriton%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwooleyshole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwooleyshole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%207%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Wooley%27s%20Hole%2C%20Llangennith%20Llanmadoc%20and%20Cheriton%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fwooleyshole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T13%3A05%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224GD8Z8FI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Database%20of%20British%20and%20Irish%20Hills%3A%20Articles%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hills-database.co.uk%5C%2Farticles.html%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hills-database.co.uk%5C%2Farticles.html%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20February%2028%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Database%20of%20British%20and%20Irish%20Hills%3A%20Articles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hills-database.co.uk%5C%2Farticles.html%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T16%3A01%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B2CPFJFV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRed%20Lady%20of%20Paviland%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWikipedia%2C%20the%20free%20encyclopedia%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fen.wikipedia.org%5C%2Fwiki%5C%2FRed_Lady_of_Paviland%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fen.wikipedia.org%5C%2Fwiki%5C%2FRed_Lady_of_Paviland%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2023%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Red%20Lady%20of%20Paviland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Red%20Lady%20of%20Paviland%20is%20a%20fairly%20complete%20Upper%20Paleolithic-era%20human%20male%20skeleton%20dyed%20in%20red%20ochre.%20Discovered%20in%201823%2C%20at%2033%2C000%20years%20old%20it%20is%20one%20of%20the%20oldest%20ceremonial%20burials%20of%20a%20modern%20human%20discovered%20anywhere%20in%20Western%20Europe.%5B1%5D%20The%20bones%20were%20discovered%20between%2018%20and%2025%20January%201823%20by%20Rev.%20William%20Buckland%20during%20an%20archaeological%20dig%20at%20Goat%26%23039%3Bs%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20one%20of%20the%20limestone%20caves%20between%20Port%20Eynon%20and%20Rhossili%2C%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20south%20Wales.%5B2%5D%5Cn%5CnBuckland%20believed%20the%20remains%20to%20be%20those%20of%20a%20female%2C%20dating%20to%20Roman%20Britain.%20However%20later%20analysis%20of%20the%20remains%20showed%20them%20to%20have%20been%20of%20a%20young%20male%2C%20and%20the%20most%20recent%20re-calibrated%20radiocarbon%20dating%20in%202009%20indicated%20that%20the%20skeleton%20can%20be%20dated%20to%20around%2033%2C000%20years%20before%20present%20%28BP%29.%5B3%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fen.wikipedia.org%5C%2Fwiki%5C%2FRed_Lady_of_Paviland%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T16%3A02%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XYHSPCKP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGeometric%20Signs%20in%20Rock%20Art%20%26amp%3B%20Cave%20Paintings%20by%20Genevieve%20von%20Petzinger%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fgeometric_signs%5C%2Fgeometric_signs.php%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fgeometric_signs%5C%2Fgeometric_signs.php%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%204%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geometric%20Signs%20in%20Rock%20Art%20%26%20Cave%20Paintings%20by%20Genevieve%20von%20Petzinger%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fgeometric_signs%5C%2Fgeometric_signs.php%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T16%3A03%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VWSPT7NI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%282012%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCathole%20Cave%2C%20Parkmill%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCoflein%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2020%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Parkmill%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T16%3A05%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22678DUFR4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPitton%20Cliff%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpittoncliffcave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpittoncliffcave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pitton%20Cliff%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpittoncliffcave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A41%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SB6XP6XA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPaviland%20Cave%20%28Goat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Hole%29%2C%20Gower%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpavilandcave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpavilandcave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Paviland%20Cave%20%28Goat%5Cu2019s%20Hole%29%2C%20Gower%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fpavilandcave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A42%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IRZAGR52%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOgof%20Cregyn%2C%20%28Ogof-y-Cregyn%29%20Pwlldu%20Head%2C%20Gower%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fogofcregyn.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fogofcregyn.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ogof%20Cregyn%2C%20%28Ogof-y-Cregyn%29%20Pwlldu%20Head%2C%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fogofcregyn.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A42%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2265CIZVJ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpurge%20Hole%2C%20Southgate%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspurgehole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspurgehole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spurge%20Hole%2C%20Southgate%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspurgehole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A40%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XYNGVTJN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpritsail%20Tor%20%28Prissens%20Tor%29%20Cave%2C%20Llanmadoc%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspritsailtorcave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspritsailtorcave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spritsail%20Tor%20%28Prissens%20Tor%29%20Cave%2C%20Llanmadoc%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fspritsailtorcave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A41%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KCNTYNGM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRockrose%20Hole%2C%20Port-Eynon%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Frockrosehole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Frockrosehole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rockrose%20Hole%2C%20Port-Eynon%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Frockrosehole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A41%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IJ4DECNN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRed%20Fescue%20Hole%20%28Red%20Chamber%29%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fredfescuehole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fredfescuehole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Red%20Fescue%20Hole%20%28Red%20Chamber%29%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fredfescuehole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A41%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MZDHASSR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMumbles%20Hill%20Fissure%2C%20Gower%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmumbleshillfissure.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmumbleshillfissure.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mumbles%20Hill%20Fissure%2C%20Gower%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmumbleshillfissure.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A42%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G4HHNKUR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMinchin%20Hole%2C%20Penard%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fminchinhole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fminchinhole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Minchin%20Hole%2C%20Penard%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fminchinhole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A43%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222WVX5JEJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCat%20Hole%2C%20Ilston%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fcatholecave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fcatholecave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cat%20Hole%2C%20Ilston%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fcatholecave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A43%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225U326KYD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFoxhole%20Slade%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ffoxholesladecave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ffoxholesladecave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Foxhole%20Slade%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Ffoxholesladecave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A43%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B4PLERDI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCulver%20Hole%20%28Three%20Chimneys%20Cave%29%2C%20Llangynydd%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fculverhole.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fculverhole.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Culver%20Hole%20%28Three%20Chimneys%20Cave%29%2C%20Llangynydd%2C%20West%20Glamorgan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fculverhole.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-27T14%3A43%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LMCSBZ5G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Red%20Lady%20of%20Paviland%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBradshaw%20Foundation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fred_lady_paviland%5C%2Findex.php%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fred_lady_paviland%5C%2Findex.php%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%204%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Red%20Lady%20of%20Paviland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Red%20Lady%20of%20Paviland.%20The%20oldest%20known%20buried%20remains%20in%20Britain%20are%2029%2C000%20years%20old%2C%204%2C000%20years%20older%20than%20previously%20thought.%20The%20findings%20show%20that%20ceremonial%20burials%20were%20taking%20place%20in%20Western%20Europe%20much%20earlier%20than%20researchers%20had%20believed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fred_lady_paviland%5C%2Findex.php%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-24T18%3A40%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RRRTXWHA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221962-05-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%281962%29%20%26%23x201C%3BWelsh%20potholers%20find%20Bronze%20Age%20skeletons%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNew%20Scientist%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2017%20May%2C%20p.%20330.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Welsh%20potholers%20find%20Bronze%20Age%20skeletons%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2217%20May%201962%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BHYG6VHN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMewslade%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGazetteer%20of%20Caves%2C%20Fissures%20and%20Rock%20Shelters%20in%20Britain%20Containing%20Human%20Remains%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmewsladecave.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmewsladecave.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2011%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mewslade%20Cave%2C%20Rhossili%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Some%20confusion%20between%20Mewslade%20Cave%20and%20Mewslade%20Quarry%20Fissures%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcaveburial.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fwales%5C%2Fmewsladecave.htm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-07-31T12%3A34%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2299SA4YZ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Armstrong%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BArmstrong%2C%20R.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282016%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUser%20guide%20for%20the%20BGS%20Geology%26%23x202F%3B%3A%2050k%20dataset%20%28V8%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%5C%2Fid%5C%2Feprint%5C%2F515821%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%5C%2Fid%5C%2Feprint%5C%2F515821%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20August%205%2C%202025%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22User%20guide%20for%20the%20BGS%20Geology%20%3A%2050k%20dataset%20%28V8%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Armstrong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lawley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20British%20Geological%20Survey%20provides%20nationwide%20digital%20geological%20maps%20at%20a%20range%20of%20scales.%20These%20digital%20products%20are%20known%20by%20the%20name%20%5Cu2018BGS%20Geology%5Cu2019%20%28formerly%20DiGMapGB%29.%20This%20guide%20is%20written%20for%20users%20of%20the%201%3A50%20000%20scale%20digital%20geological%20map%20data%20%28BGS%20Geology%3A%2050k%29%20version%208%2C%20released%20in%202016.%20It%20describes%20the%20basic%20layout%20and%20content%20of%20the%20dataset%20and%20provides%20background%20information%20as%20to%20how%20this%20version%20of%20the%20dataset%20has%20changed%20compared%20with%20previous%20versions.%20A%20basic%20appreciation%20of%20Geographical%20Information%20System%20%28GIS%29%20terminology%20is%20needed%20to%20understand%20some%20of%20the%20information%20outlined%20here.%20Users%20should%20also%20familiarise%20themselves%20with%20some%20of%20the%20basic%20principles%20behind%20geological%20description%20of%20our%20landscape%3B%20further%20information%20about%20how%20BGS%20has%20made%20the%20geological%20map%20of%20Great%20Britain%20can%20be%20found%20on%20the%20BGS%20website%20at%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bgs.ac.uk%5C%2Fproducts%5C%2Fdigitalmaps%5C%2Fdigmapgb.html%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%5C%2Fid%5C%2Feprint%5C%2F515821%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-08-05T09%3A30%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224E634BCG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221961%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAtkinson%2C%20R.J.C.%20%281961%29%20%26%23x201C%3BGiant%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Grave%20in%20Llethrid%20Cwm%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2014%2C%20p.%205.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273777%5C%2F78%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273777%5C%2F78%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20February%2027%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Giant%27s%20Grave%20in%20Llethrid%20Cwm%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%20C%27%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221961%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273777%5C%2F78%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T15%3A47%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XBPQQXUV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ayres%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221962%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAyres%2C%20F.%20%281962%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSchaum%26%23x2019%3Bs%20outline%20of%20theory%20and%20problems%20of%20matrices%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20New%20York%3A%20Schaum%20%28Schaum%26%23x2019%3Bs%20outline%20series%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Schaum%27s%20outline%20of%20theory%20and%20problems%20of%20matrices%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayres%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221962%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-02-04T18%3A46%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QD9JIX6C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bader%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBader%2C%20D.%20%282017%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPython%20Tricks%3A%20The%20Book%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Ron%20Holland%20Designs.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Python%20Tricks%3A%20The%20Book%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bader%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%26quot%3BI%20don%26%23039%3Bt%20even%20feel%20like%20I%26%23039%3Bve%20scratched%20the%20surface%20of%20what%20I%20can%20do%20with%20Python%26quot%3BWith%20Python%20Tricks%3A%20The%20Book%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20discover%20Python%26%23039%3Bs%20best%20practices%20and%20the%20power%20of%20beautiful%20%26amp%3B%20Pythonic%20code%20with%20simple%20examples%20and%20a%20step-by-step%20narrative.You%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20one%20step%20closer%20to%20mastering%20Python%2C%20so%20you%20can%20write%20beautiful%20and%20idiomatic%20code%20that%20comes%20to%20you%20naturally.Learning%20the%20ins%20and%20outs%20of%20Python%20is%20difficult-and%20with%20this%20book%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20be%20able%20to%20focus%20on%20the%20practical%20skills%20that%20really%20matter.%20Discover%20the%20%26quot%3Bhidden%20gold%26quot%3B%20in%20Python%26%23039%3Bs%20standard%20library%20and%20start%20writing%20clean%20and%20Pythonic%20code%20today.Who%20Should%20Read%20This%20Book%3A%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20wondering%20which%20lesser%20known%20parts%20in%20Python%20you%20should%20know%20about%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20a%20roadmap%20with%20this%20book.%20Discover%20cool%20%28yet%20practical%20%29%20Python%20tricks%20and%20blow%20your%20coworkers%26%23039%3B%20minds%20in%20your%20next%20code%20review.If%20you%26%23039%3Bve%20got%20experience%20with%20legacy%20versions%20of%20Python%2C%20the%20book%20will%20get%20you%20up%20to%20speed%20with%20modern%20patterns%20and%20features%20introduced%20in%20Python%203%20and%20backported%20to%20Python%202.If%20you%26%23039%3Bve%20worked%20with%20other%20programming%20languages%20and%20you%20want%20to%20get%20up%20to%20speed%20with%20Python%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20pick%20up%20the%20idioms%20and%20practical%20tips%20you%20need%20to%20become%20a%20confident%20and%20effective%20Pythonista.If%20you%20want%20to%20make%20Python%20your%20own%20and%20learn%20how%20to%20write%20clean%20and%20Pythonic%20code%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20discover%20best%20practices%20and%20little-known%20tricks%20to%20round%20out%20your%20knowledge.What%20Python%20Developers%20Say%20About%20The%20Book%3A%20%26quot%3BI%20kept%20thinking%20that%20I%20wished%20I%20had%20access%20to%20a%20book%20like%20this%20when%20I%20started%20learning%20Python%20many%20years%20ago.%26quot%3B%20-%20Mariatta%20Wijaya%2C%20Python%20Core%20Developer%26quot%3BThis%20book%20makes%20you%20write%20better%20Python%20code%20%26quot%3B%20-%20Bob%20Belderbos%2C%20Software%20Developer%20at%20Oracle%26quot%3BFar%20from%20being%20just%20a%20shallow%20collection%20of%20snippets%2C%20this%20book%20will%20leave%20the%20attentive%20reader%20with%20a%20deeper%20understanding%20of%20the%20inner%20workings%20of%20Python%20as%20well%20as%20an%20appreciation%20for%20its%20beauty.%26quot%3B%20-%20Ben%20Felder%2C%20Pythonista%26quot%3BIt%26%23039%3Bs%20like%20having%20a%20seasoned%20tutor%20explaining%2C%20well%2C%20tricks%20%26quot%3B%20-%20Daniel%20Meyer%2C%20Sr.%20Desktop%20Administrator%20at%20Tesla%20Inc.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-77509-330-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-02-04T18%3A50%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JNBL9IZ6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bader%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBader%2C%20D.%2C%20Jablonski%2C%20J.%20and%20Heisler%2C%20F.%20%282021%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPython%20Basics%3A%20A%20Practical%20Introduction%20to%20Python%203%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Real%20Python.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Python%20Basics%3A%20A%20Practical%20Introduction%20to%20Python%203%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bader%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jablonski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fletcher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heisler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Make%20the%20Leap%20From%20Beginner%20to%20Intermediate%20in%20Python...%20Python%20Basics%3A%20A%20Practical%20Introduction%20to%20Python%203%20Your%20Complete%20Python%20Curriculum-With%20Exercises%2C%20Interactive%20Quizzes%2C%20and%20Sample%20Projects%20What%20should%20you%20learn%20about%20Python%20in%20the%20beginning%20to%20get%20a%20strong%20foundation%3F%20With%20Python%20Basics%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20not%20only%20cover%20the%20core%20concepts%20you%20really%20need%20to%20know%2C%20but%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20also%20learn%20them%20in%20the%20most%20efficient%20order%20with%20the%20help%20of%20practical%20exercises%20and%20interactive%20quizzes.%20You%26%23039%3Bll%20know%20enough%20to%20be%20dangerous%20with%20Python%2C%20fast%21%20Who%20Should%20Read%20This%20Book%20%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20new%20to%20Python%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20a%20practical%2C%20step-by-step%20roadmap%20on%20developing%20your%20foundational%20skills.%20You%26%23039%3Bll%20be%20introduced%20to%20each%20concept%20and%20language%20feature%20in%20a%20logical%20order.%20Every%20step%20in%20this%20curriculum%20is%20explained%20and%20illustrated%20with%20short%2C%20clear%20code%20samples.%20Our%20goal%20with%20this%20book%20is%20to%20educate%2C%20not%20to%20impress%20or%20intimidate.%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20familiar%20with%20some%20basic%20programming%20concepts%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20a%20clear%20and%20well-tested%20introduction%20to%20Python.%20This%20is%20a%20practical%20introduction%20to%20Python%20that%20jumps%20right%20into%20the%20meat%20and%20potatoes%20without%20sacrificing%20substance.%20If%20you%20have%20prior%20experience%20with%20languages%20like%20VBA%2C%20PowerShell%2C%20R%2C%20Perl%2C%20C%2C%20C%2B%2B%2C%20C%23%2C%20Java%2C%20or%20Swift%20the%20numerous%20exercises%20within%20each%20chapter%20will%20fast-track%20your%20progress.%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20a%20seasoned%20developer%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20a%20Python%203%20crash%20course%20that%20brings%20you%20up%20to%20speed%20with%20modern%20Python%20programming.%20Mix%20and%20match%20the%20chapters%20that%20interest%20you%20the%20most%20and%20use%20the%20interactive%20quizzes%20and%20review%20exercises%20to%20check%20your%20learning%20progress%20as%20you%20go%20along.%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20a%20self-starter%20completely%20new%20to%20coding%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20practical%20and%20motivating%20examples.%20You%26%23039%3Bll%20begin%20by%20installing%20Python%20and%20setting%20up%20a%20coding%20environment%20on%20your%20computer%20from%20scratch%2C%20and%20then%20continue%20from%20there.%20We%26%23039%3Bll%20get%20you%20coding%20right%20away%20so%20that%20you%20become%20competent%20and%20knowledgeable%20enough%20to%20solve%20real-world%20problems%2C%20fast.%20Develop%20a%20passion%20for%20programming%20by%20solving%20interesting%20problems%20with%20Python%20every%20day%21%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20looking%20to%20break%20into%20a%20coding%20or%20data-science%20career%2C%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20pick%20up%20the%20practical%20foundations%20with%20this%20book.%20We%20won%26%23039%3Bt%20just%20dump%20a%20boat%20load%20of%20theoretical%20information%20on%20you%20so%20you%20can%20%26quot%3Bsink%20or%20swim%26quot%3B-instead%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20learn%20from%20hands-on%2C%20practical%20examples%20one%20step%20at%20a%20time.%20Each%20concept%20is%20broken%20down%20for%20you%20so%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20always%20know%20what%20you%20can%20do%20with%20it%20in%20practical%20terms.%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20interested%20in%20teaching%20others%20%26quot%3Bhow%20to%20Python%2C%26quot%3B%20this%20will%20be%20your%20guidebook.%20If%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20looking%20to%20stoke%20the%20coding%20flame%20in%20your%20coworkers%2C%20kids%2C%20or%20relatives-use%20our%20material%20to%20teach%20them.%20All%20the%20sequencing%20has%20been%20done%20for%20you%20so%20you%26%23039%3Bll%20always%20know%20what%20to%20cover%20next%20and%20how%20to%20explain%20it.%20%20What%20Python%20Developers%20Say%20About%20The%20Book%3A%20%26quot%3BGo%20forth%20and%20learn%20this%20amazing%20language%20using%20this%20great%20book.%26quot%3B%20-%20Michael%20Kennedy%2C%20Talk%20Python%20%26quot%3BThe%20wording%20is%20casual%2C%20easy%20to%20understand%2C%20and%20makes%20the%20information%20flow%20well.%26quot%3B%20-%20Thomas%20Wong%2C%20Pythonista%20%26quot%3BI%20floundered%20for%20a%20long%20time%20trying%20to%20teach%20myself.%20I%20slogged%20through%20dozens%20of%20incomplete%20online%20tutorials.%20I%20snoozed%20through%20hours%20of%20boring%20screencasts.%20I%20gave%20up%20on%20countless%20crufty%20books%20from%20big-time%20publishers.%20And%20then%20I%20found%20Real%20Python.%20The%20easy-to-follow%2C%20step-by-step%20instructions%20break%20the%20big%20concepts%20down%20into%20bite-sized%20chunks%20written%20in%20plain%20English.%20The%20authors%20never%20forget%20their%20audience%20and%20are%20consistently%20thorough%20and%20detailed%20in%20their%20explanations.%20I%26%23039%3Bm%20up%20and%20running%20now%2C%20but%20I%20constantly%20refer%20to%20the%20material%20for%20guidance.%26quot%3B%20-%20Jared%20Nielsen%2C%20Pythonista%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-77509-332-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-02-04T18%3A48%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CT6DJ5DR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bahn%20and%20Pettitt%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBahn%2C%20P.%20and%20Pettitt%2C%20P.%20%282009%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBritain%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Oldest%20Art%3A%20The%20Ice%20Age%20cave%20art%20of%20Creswell%20Crags%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20English%20Heritage.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%5C%2Fimages-books%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fbritains-oldest-art%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%5C%2Fimages-books%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fbritains-oldest-art%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2024%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Britain%5Cu2019s%20Oldest%20Art%3A%20The%20Ice%20Age%20cave%20art%20of%20Creswell%20Crags%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettitt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Britain%26%23039%3Bs%20first%20Ice%20Age%20cave%20art%20was%20discovered%20at%20Creswell%20Crags%20in%202003%20by%20Paul%20Bahn%2C%20Paul%20Pettitt%20and%20Sergio%20Ripoll.%20The%20book%20starts%20with%20the%20discovery%20of%20the%20art%2C%20places%20the%20Ice%20Age%20archaeology%20of%20the%20crags%20in%20a%20national%20context%2C%20draws%20on%20continental%20parallels%20and%20details%20the%20scientific%20verification%20of%20the%20art.%20It%20concludes%20with%20a%20chapter%20on%20the%20national%20search%20for%20other%20examples%20of%20Ice%20Age%20cave%20art%20by%20the%20Cave%20Art%20Survey%20Team%2C%20commissioned%20by%20English%20Heritage.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%5C%2Fimages-books%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fbritains-oldest-art%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-08T18%3A42%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U975QJEH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bahn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBahn%2C%20P.G.%2C%20Pettitt%2C%20P.%20and%20Ripoll%2C%20S.%20%282003%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDiscovery%20of%20Palaeolithic%20cave%20art%20in%20Britain%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAntiquity%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2077%28296%29%2C%20pp.%20227%26%23x2013%3B231.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0003598X0009222X%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0003598X0009222X%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Discovery%20of%20Palaeolithic%20cave%20art%20in%20Britain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ripoll%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20are%20pleased%20to%20present%20here%20a%20preliminary%20account%20of%20the%20first%20discovery%20of%20Palaeolithic%20cave%20art%20in%20Britain.%5CnOn%2014%20April%202003%20we%20made%20the%20first%20discovery%20of%20Palaeolithic%20cave%20art%20in%20Britain.%20Since%20portable%20art%20of%20the%20period%20has%20long%20been%20known%20in%20this%20country%20%28Sieveking%201972%3B%20Campbell%201977%3A%20vol.%202%2C%20figs%20102%2C%20105%2C%20143%29%2C%20it%20has%20always%20seemed%20probable%20that%20parietal%20art%20must%20also%20have%20existed.%20We%20knew%20that%20we%20were%20most%20unlikely%20to%20discover%20paintings%2C%20since%20these%20are%20generally%20quite%20visible%3B%20but%20as%20far%20as%20we%20knew%2C%20nobody%20with%20a%20trained%20eye%20and%20advantageous%20lighting%20had%20combed%20the%20British%20caves%20in%20search%20of%20engravings%2C%20which%20are%20often%20extremely%20difficult%20to%20see.%20Such%20was%20the%20purpose%20of%20our%20initial%20survey%20and%2C%20sure%20enough%2C%20we%20rapidly%20encountered%20engraved%20marks%20in%20a%20number%20of%20caves%2C%20which%20we%20will%20be%20investigating%20more%20fully%20and%20systematically%20in%20the%20near%20future.%20At%20the%20well-known%20sites%20of%20Creswell%20Crags%2C%20in%20Derbyshire%2C%20we%20found%20both%20figurative%20and%20non-figurative%20engravings%20of%20the%20period.%20What%20follows%20is%20a%20brief%2C%20preliminary%20announcement%20of%20a%20discovery%20soon%20to%20be%20further%20amplified%20in%20print%20following%20systematic%20investigation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0003598X0009222X%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-598X%2C%201745-1744%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fantiquity%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdiscovery-of-palaeolithic-cave-art-in-britain%5C%2F537D29F067BC8150594FE3EC42BBA274%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-08T18%3A42%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KJYKY9T4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ball%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBall%2C%20K.%20%282016%29%20%26%23x201C%3BGeology%20of%20the%20Gower%20Bone%20Caves%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSouth%20Wales%20Caving%20Club%20Newsletter%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20pp.%2055%26%23x2013%3B64.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geology%20of%20the%20Gower%20Bone%20Caves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ball%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20cave%20bear%20%28Ursus%20spelaeus%29%20was%20one%20of%20several%20spectacular%20megafaunal%20species%20that%20became%20extinct%20in%20northern%20Eurasia%20during%20the%20late%20Quaternary.%20Vast%20numbers%20of%20their%20remains%20have%20been%20recovered%20from%20many%20cave%20sites%2C%20almost%20certainly%20representing%20animals%20that%20died%20during%20winter%20hibernation.%20On%20the%20evidence%20of%20skull%20anatomy%20and%20low%20%5Cu03b415N%20values%20of%20bone%20collagen%2C%20cave%20bears%20appear%20to%20have%20been%20predominantly%20vegetarian.%20The%20diet%20probably%20included%20substantial%20high%20quality%20herbaceous%20vegetation.%20In%20order%20to%20address%20the%20reasons%20for%20the%20extinction%20of%20the%20cave%20bear%2C%20we%20have%20constructed%20a%20chronology%20using%20only%20radiocarbon%20dates%20produced%20directly%20on%20cave%20bear%20material.%20The%20date%20list%20is%20largely%20drawn%20from%20the%20literature%2C%20and%20as%20far%20as%20possible%20the%20dates%20have%20been%20audited%20%28screened%29%20for%20reliability.%20We%20also%20present%20new%20dates%20from%20our%20own%20research%2C%20including%20results%20from%20the%20Urals.%20U.%20spelaeus%20probably%20disappeared%20from%20the%20Alps%20and%20adjacent%20areas%20%5Cu2013%20currently%20the%20only%20region%20for%20which%20there%20is%20fairly%20good%20evidence%20%5Cu2013c.%2024%20000%20radiocarbon%20years%20BP%20%28c.%2027%20800%5Cu2003cal.%20yr%20BP%29%2C%20approximately%20coincident%20with%20the%20start%20of%20Greenland%20Stadial%203%20%28c.%2027%20500%5Cu2003cal.%20yr%20BP%29.%20Climatic%20cooling%20and%20inferred%20decreased%20vegetational%20productivity%20were%20probably%20responsible%20for%20its%20disappearance%20from%20this%20region.%20We%20are%20investigating%20the%20possibility%20that%20cave%20bear%20survived%20significantly%20later%20elsewhere%2C%20for%20example%20in%20southern%20or%20eastern%20Europe.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-04T10%3A22%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NII5Y4HH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallin%2C%20T.B.%20%282021%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BClassification%20of%20Lithic%20Artefacts%20from%20the%20British%20Late%20Glacial%20and%20Holocene%20Periods%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Archaeopress.%20Available%20at%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2307%5C%2Fjj.15135913.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Classification%20of%20Lithic%20Artefacts%20from%20the%20British%20Late%20Glacial%20and%20Holocene%20Periods%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Torben%20Bjarke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20system%20for%20the%20hierarchical%20%26lt%3Bem%26gt%3BClassification%20of%20Lithic%20Artefacts%20from%20the%20British%20Late%20Glacial%20and%20Holocene%20Periods%26lt%3B%5C%2Fem%26gt%3B%5Cnis%20offered%20in%20this%20book.%20It%20is%20hoped%20that%20it%20may%20find%20use%20as%20a%5Cnguide%20book%20for%20archaeology%20students%2C%20museum%20staff%2C%20non-specialist%5Cnarchaeologists%2C%20local%20archaeology%20groups%20and%20lay%20enthusiasts.%20To%5Cnallow%20the%20individual%20categories%20of%20lithic%20objects%20to%20be%20classified%5Cnand%20characterised%20in%20detail%2C%20it%20was%20necessary%20to%20first%20define%20a%5Cnnumber%20of%20descriptive%20terms%2C%20which%20forms%20the%20first%20part%20of%20this%5Cnguide.%20The%20main%20part%20of%20the%20book%20is%20the%20lithic%20classification%5Cnsection%2C%20which%20offers%20definitions%20of%20the%20individual%20formal%5Cndebitage%2C%20core%20and%20tool%20types.%20The%20basic%20questions%20asked%20are%3A%20what%5Cndefines%20Object%20X%20as%20a%20tool%20and%20not%20a%20piece%20of%20debitage%20or%20a%20core%3B%5Cnwhat%20defines%20a%20microlith%20as%20a%20microlith%20and%20not%20a%20knife%20or%20a%5Cnpiercer%3B%20and%20what%20defines%20a%20specific%20implement%20as%20a%20scalene%5Cntriangle%20and%20not%20an%20isosceles%20one%3F%20As%20shown%20in%20the%20book%2C%20there%20are%5Cndisagreements%20within%20the%20lithics%20community%20as%20to%20the%20specific%5Cndefinition%20of%20some%20types%2C%20demonstrating%20the%20need%20for%20all%20lithics%5Cnreports%20to%20define%20which%20typological%20framework%20they%20are%20based%20on.%5CnThe%20eBook%20edition%20of%20this%20publication%20is%20available%20in%20Open%20Access%2C%5Cnsupported%20by%20Historic%20Environment%20Scotland.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2Fjj.15135913%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-08-04T19%3A39%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EXCMLJQE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnatt%20and%20Edmonds%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarnatt%2C%20J.%20and%20Edmonds%2C%20M.%20%282002%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPlaces%20Apart%3F%20Caves%20and%20Monuments%20in%20Neolithic%20and%20Earlier%20Bronze%20Age%20Britain%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCambridge%20Archaeological%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2012%281%29%2C%20pp.%20113%26%23x2013%3B129.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0959774302000069%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0959774302000069%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Places%20Apart%3F%20Caves%20and%20Monuments%20in%20Neolithic%20and%20Earlier%20Bronze%20Age%20Britain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnatt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmonds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20recent%20growth%20of%20landscape%20perspectives%20has%20stimulated%20fresh%20approaches%20to%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20prehistoric%20communities%20attached%20significance%20to%20what%20we%20classify%20as%20topography%20or%20geology.%20Using%20evidence%20from%20North%20Wales%20and%20the%20Derbyshire%20Peak%20District%2C%20we%20argue%20here%20that%20the%20use%20of%20caves%20during%20the%20Neolithic%20and%20Bronze%20Age%20reflects%20a%20significant%20blurring%20of%20the%20distinction%20that%20archaeologists%20often%20draw%20between%20monuments%20and%20natural%20features.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0959774302000069%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221474-0540%2C%200959-7743%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fcambridge-archaeological-journal%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fabs%5C%2Fplaces-apart-caves-and-monuments-in-neolithic-and-earlier-bronze-age-britain%5C%2F62EAF31FBB9A48FFA57BE7349E58EBA5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-26T15%3A02%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X7LTXRDD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarton%2C%20N.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20A.J.%20and%20Roe%2C%20D.A.%20%281991%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20late%20glacial%20in%20north-west%20Europe%3A%20Human%20adaptation%20and%20environmental%20change%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20Pleistocene.%20N.%20Barton%2C%20A.%20J.%20Roberts%20and%20D.%20A.%20Roe.%20Publisher%20Council%20for%20British%20Archaeology%20%28CBA%20Research%20Report%20No.%2077%29%2C%20London%201991%20%28279%20pp%29%20f%26%23xA3%3B32.00%20ISBN%201%20872414%2015%20X%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20CBA%20Research%20Report%2077%2C%20p.%20279.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390100219%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390100219%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%204%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20late%20glacial%20in%20north-west%20Europe%3A%20Human%20adaptation%20and%20environmental%20change%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20Pleistocene.%20N.%20Barton%2C%20A.%20J.%20Roberts%20and%20D.%20A.%20Roe.%20Publisher%20Council%20for%20British%20Archaeology%20%28CBA%20Research%20Report%20No.%2077%29%2C%20London%201991%20%28279%20pp%29%20f%5Cu00a332.00%20ISBN%201%20872414%2015%20X%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%2277%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22CBA%20Research%20Report%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390100219%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-04T08%3A24%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225AP7KBET%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bates%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBates%2C%20D.M.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282016%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRefresh%20of%20the%20Welsh%20Research%20Agenda%20for%20Palaeolithic%20%26amp%3B%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%202016%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%2015.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Refresh%20of%20the%20Welsh%20Research%20Agenda%20for%20Palaeolithic%20%26%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%202016%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Professor%20Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Ian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Astrid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caseldine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22David%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinnis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hankinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Rick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulting%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-24T10%3A36%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VNGRVD2J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Batten%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221986-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBatten%2C%20R.J.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%281986%29%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Review%20of%20the%20Operation%20of%20the%20Oxford%20Radiocarbon%20Accelerator%20Unit%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRadiocarbon%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2028%282A%29%2C%20pp.%20177%26%23x2013%3B185.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0033822200007244%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0033822200007244%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Review%20of%20the%20Operation%20of%20the%20Oxford%20Radiocarbon%20Accelerator%20Unit%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Batten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bronk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillespie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20a.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gowlett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hedges%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perry%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20describe%20here%20the%20general%20operation%20of%20the%20Oxford%20Radiocarbon%20Accelerator%20Laboratory%20which%20has%20now%20been%20dating%20routinely%20for%2018%20months.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221986%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0033822200007244%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220033-8222%2C%201945-5755%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fradiocarbon%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Freview-of-the-operation-of-the-oxford-radiocarbon-accelerator-unit%5C%2FA1D69B7BE0ABF79788E8C87D5F163BD2%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-27T19%3A43%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W9EG7LWM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBayliss%2C%20A.%20%282009%29%20%26%23x201C%3BRolling%20Out%20Revolution%3A%20Using%20Radiocarbon%20Dating%20in%20Archaeology%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRadiocarbon%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2051%281%29%2C%20pp.%20123%26%23x2013%3B147.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0033822200033750%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0033822200033750%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rolling%20Out%20Revolution%3A%20Using%20Radiocarbon%20Dating%20in%20Archaeology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alex%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sixty%20years%20ago%2C%20the%20advent%20of%20radiocarbon%20dating%20rewrote%20archaeological%20chronologies%20around%20the%20world.%20Forty%20years%20ago%2C%20the%20advent%20of%20calibration%20signaled%20the%20death%20knell%20of%20the%20diffusionism%20that%20had%20been%20the%20mainstay%20of%20archaeological%20thought%20for%20a%20century.%20Since%20then%2C%20the%20revolution%20has%20continued%2C%20as%20the%20extent%20of%20calibration%20has%20been%20extended%20ever%20further%20back%20and%20as%20the%20range%20of%20material%20that%20can%20be%20dated%20has%20been%20expanded.%20Now%20a%20new%20revolution%20beckons%2C%20one%20that%20could%20allow%20archaeology%20to%20engage%20in%20historical%20debate%20and%20usher%20in%20an%20entirely%20new%20kind%20of%20%28pre%29history.%20This%20paper%20focuses%20on%20more%20than%20a%20decade%20of%20experience%20in%20utilizing%20Bayesian%20approaches%20routinely%20for%20the%20interpretation%20of%2014C%20dates%20in%20English%20archaeology%2C%20discussing%20both%20the%20practicalities%20of%20implementing%20these%20methods%20and%20their%20potential%20for%20changing%20archaeological%20thinking.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%5C%2Fed%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0033822200033750%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220033-8222%2C%201945-5755%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fradiocarbon%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Frolling-out-revolution-using-radiocarbon-dating-in-archaeology%5C%2F0CCCCE4FB7B0BEF52F552C1039C7855A%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-08T18%3A45%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224AQ79J9K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-12-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBayliss%2C%20A.%20%282022%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRadiocarbon%20Dating%20and%20Chronological%20Modelling%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Liverpool%20University%20Press%20%28Historic%20England%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblackwells.co.uk%5C%2Fbookshop%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2FRadiocarbon-Dating-and-Chronological-Modelling-by-Alex-Bayliss-author-Peter-Marshall-author-Historic-England-issuing-body%5C%2F9781802077643%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblackwells.co.uk%5C%2Fbookshop%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2FRadiocarbon-Dating-and-Chronological-Modelling-by-Alex-Bayliss-author-Peter-Marshall-author-Historic-England-issuing-body%5C%2F9781802077643%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%204%2C%202023%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Radiocarbon%20Dating%20and%20Chronological%20Modelling%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alex%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Part%20of%20the%20Historic%20England%20series%20of%20advice%20and%20guidance%20on%20using%20scientific%20techniques%20for%20understanding%20the%20historic%20environment%2C%20this%20document%20provides%20gui%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%20December%202022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-80207-764-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblackwells.co.uk%5C%2Fbookshop%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2FRadiocarbon-Dating-and-Chronological-Modelling-by-Alex-Bayliss-author-Peter-Marshall-author-Historic-England-issuing-body%5C%2F9781802077643%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-04T12%3A35%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NNVXQJ6P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayliss%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBayliss%2C%20A.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282007%29%20%26%23x201C%3BBradshaw%20and%20Bayes%3A%20Towards%20a%20Timetable%20for%20the%20Neolithic%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCambridge%20Archaeological%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2017%28S1%29%2C%20pp.%201%26%23x2013%3B28.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0959774307000145%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0959774307000145%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bradshaw%20and%20Bayes%3A%20Towards%20a%20Timetable%20for%20the%20Neolithic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alex%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20Bronk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramsey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20van%20der%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plicht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alasdair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whittle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20importance%20of%20chronology%20is%20reasserted%20as%20a%20means%20to%20achieving%20history%20and%20a%20sense%20of%20temporality.%20A%20range%20of%20current%20methods%20for%20estimating%20the%20dates%20and%20durations%20of%20archaeological%20processes%20and%20events%20are%20considered%2C%20including%20visual%20inspection%20of%20graphs%20and%20tables%20of%20calibrated%20dates%20and%20the%20summing%20of%20the%20probability%20distributions%20of%20calibrated%20dates.%20These%20approaches%20are%20found%20wanting.%20The%20Bayesian%20statistical%20framework%20is%20introduced%2C%20and%20a%20worked%20example%20presents%20simulated%20radiocarbon%20dates%20as%20a%20demonstration%20of%20the%20explicit%2C%20quantified%2C%20probabilistic%20estimates%20now%20possible%20on%20a%20routine%20basis.%20Using%20this%20example%2C%20the%20reliability%20of%20the%20chronologies%20presented%20for%20the%20five%20long%20barrows%20considered%20in%20this%20series%20of%20papers%20is%20explored.%20It%20is%20essential%20that%20the%20%5Cu2018informative%5Cu2019%20prior%20beliefs%20in%20a%20chronological%20model%20are%20correct.%20If%20they%20are%20not%2C%20the%20dating%20suggested%20by%20the%20model%20will%20be%20incorrect.%20In%20contrast%2C%20the%20%5Cu2018uninformative%5Cu2019%20prior%20beliefs%20have%20to%20be%20grossly%20incorrect%20before%20the%20outputs%20of%20the%20model%20are%20importantly%20wrong.%20It%20is%20also%20vital%20that%20the%20radiocarbon%20ages%20included%20in%20a%20model%20are%20accurate%2C%20and%20that%20their%20errors%20are%20correctly%20estimated.%20If%20they%20are%20not%2C%20the%20dating%20suggested%20by%20a%20model%20may%20also%20be%20importantly%20wrong.%20Strenuous%20effort%20and%20rigorous%20attention%20to%20archaeological%20and%20scientific%20detail%20are%20inescapable%20if%20reliable%20chronologies%20are%20to%20be%20built.%20The%20dates%20presented%20in%20the%20following%20papers%20are%20based%20on%20models.%20%5Cu2018All%20models%20are%20wrong%2C%20some%20models%20are%20useful%5Cu2019%20%28Box%201979%2C%20202%29.%20We%20hope%20readers%20will%20find%20them%20useful%2C%20and%20will%20employ%20%5Cu2018worry%20selectivity%5Cu2019%20to%20determine%20whether%20and%20how%20each%20model%20may%20be%20importantly%20wrong.%20The%20questions%20demand%20the%20timetable%2C%20and%20our%20prehistories%20deserve%20both.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0959774307000145%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221474-0540%2C%200959-7743%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fcambridge-archaeological-journal%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fabs%5C%2Fbradshaw-and-bayes-towards-a-timetable-for-the-neolithic%5C%2FA4914C47BF5543E489E4225765B1B05B%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-24T20%3A27%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MTSMV778%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayliss%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBayliss%2C%20A.%2C%20McCormac%2C%20G.%20and%20Plicht%2C%20H.%20van%20der%20%282004%29%20%26%23x201C%3BAn%20illustrated%20guide%20to%20measuring%20radiocarbon%20from%20archaeological%20samples%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPhysics%20Education%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2039%282%29%2C%20pp.%20137%26%23x2013%3B144.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F0031-9120%5C%2F39%5C%2F2%5C%2F001%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F0031-9120%5C%2F39%5C%2F2%5C%2F001%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20illustrated%20guide%20to%20measuring%20radiocarbon%20from%20archaeological%20samples%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alex%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayliss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCormac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20van%20der%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plicht%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Radiocarbon%20dating%20has%20been%20central%20to%20the%20construction%20of%20archaeological%20chronologies%20for%20over%2050%20years.%20The%20archaeological%2C%20scientific%20and%20%28increasingly%29%20statistical%20methods%20for%20interpreting%20radiocarbon%20measurements%20to%20produce%20these%20chronologies%20have%20become%20ever%20more%20sophisticated.%20The%20accurate%20measurement%20of%20the%20radiocarbon%20content%20of%20an%20archaeological%20sample%20is%2C%20and%20always%20has%20been%2C%20fundamental%20to%20any%20interpretation.%20This%20article%20provides%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20different%20approaches%20adopted%20for%20measuring%20radiocarbon%20from%20archaeological%20samples%20by%20laboratories%20at%20the%20start%20of%20the%2021st%20century.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%202004%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1088%5C%2F0031-9120%5C%2F39%5C%2F2%5C%2F001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220031-9120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%252F0031-9120%252F39%252F2%252F001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Aldhouse-Green, S. (2001) “Great Sites: Paviland Cave,” British Archaeology. Available at: http://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba61/feat3.shtml (Accessed: June 20, 2015).
Aldhouse-Green, S. (ed.) (2000) Paviland Cave and the Red Lady: A Definitive Report. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press Ltd. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0953541819?ie=UTF8&linkCode=as2&camp=1634&creative=6738&tag=icknielwaymorr0a&creativeASIN=0953541819 (Accessed: June 23, 2015).
Aldhouse-Green, S. (2012) “Books and the Night: Paviland, Pontnewydd and Palaeolithic Journeys,” in J.R. Trigg (ed.) Of Things Gone but not Forgotten: Essays in archaeology for Joan Taylor. Oxford: Archaeopress (British Archaeological Report International Series, 2434), pp. 25–35.
Aldhouse-Green, S. (ed.) (2000) “The Paviland radiocarbon dating programme,” in Paviland Cave and the Red Lady: A Definitive Report. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press Ltd., pp. 63–71. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0953541819?ie=UTF8&linkCode=as2&camp=1634&creative=6738&tag=icknielwaymorr0a&creativeASIN=0953541819 (Accessed: June 23, 2015).
Aldhouse-Green, S. and Pettitt, P. (1998) “Paviland Cave: contextualizing the ‘Red Lady,” Antiquity, 72(278), pp. 756–772. Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9435403&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0003598X00087354 (Accessed: June 20, 2015).
Aldhouse-Green, S., Pettitt, P. and Stringer, C. (1996) “Holocene humans at Pontnewydd and Cae Gronw caves,” Antiquity, 70(268), pp. 444–447. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00083423.
Alexander Bentley, R. (2006) “Strontium Isotopes from the Earth to the Archaeological Skeleton: A Review,” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 13(3), pp. 135–187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-006-9009-x.
Allen, E.E. and Rutter, J.G. (1948) Gower Caves: A Survey of the Gower Caves with an Account of Recent Excavations, Part 2. Welsh Guides. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZNNQOgAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22J.+G.+Rutter%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAg (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Allen, E.E. and Rutter, J.G. (1946) Gower Caves: A Survey of the Gower Caves with an Account of Recent Excavations, Part 1. Vaughan Thomas. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XC8nkgAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22J.+G.+Rutter%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Ambrose, S.H. and Norr, L. (1993) “Experimental Evidence for the Relationship of the Carbon Isotope Ratios of Whole Diet and Dietary Protein to Those of Bone Collagen and Carbonate,” in J.B. Lambert and G. Grupe (eds.) Prehistoric Human Bone: Archaeology at the Molecular Level. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 1–37. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02894-0_1.
Anon (no date) Tooth Cave, Ilston, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/toothcave.htm (Accessed: March 7, 2020).
Anon (no date) Upper Blackhole, Rhossili, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/upperblackhole.htm (Accessed: March 7, 2020).
Anon (no date) Worm’s Head Cave, Rhossili, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/wormsheadcave.htm (Accessed: March 7, 2020).
Anon (no date) Wooley’s Hole, Llangennith Llanmadoc and Cheriton, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/wooleyshole.htm (Accessed: March 7, 2020).
Anon (no date) The Database of British and Irish Hills: Articles. Available at: http://www.hills-database.co.uk/articles.html (Accessed: February 28, 2020).
Anon (no date) Red Lady of Paviland, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Lady_of_Paviland (Accessed: June 23, 2015).
Anon (no date) Geometric Signs in Rock Art & Cave Paintings by Genevieve von Petzinger. Available at: http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/geometric_signs/geometric_signs.php (Accessed: March 4, 2020).
Anon (2012) Cathole Cave, Parkmill, Coflein. Available at: http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/305612/details/CATHOLE+CAVE%2C+PARKMILL/ (Accessed: June 20, 2015).
Anon (no date) Pitton Cliff Cave, Rhossili, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/pittoncliffcave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Paviland Cave (Goat’s Hole), Gower, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/pavilandcave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Ogof Cregyn, (Ogof-y-Cregyn) Pwlldu Head, Gower, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/ogofcregyn.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Spurge Hole, Southgate, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/spurgehole.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Spritsail Tor (Prissens Tor) Cave, Llanmadoc, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/spritsailtorcave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Rockrose Hole, Port-Eynon, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/rockrosehole.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Red Fescue Hole (Red Chamber), Rhossili, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/redfescuehole.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Mumbles Hill Fissure, Gower, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/mumbleshillfissure.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Minchin Hole, Penard, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/minchinhole.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Cat Hole, Ilston, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/catholecave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Foxhole Slade Cave, Rhossili, Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/foxholesladecave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) Culver Hole (Three Chimneys Cave), Llangynydd, West Glamorgan, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/culverhole.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Anon (no date) The Red Lady of Paviland, Bradshaw Foundation. Available at: http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/british_isles_prehistory_archive/red_lady_paviland/index.php (Accessed: March 4, 2020).
Anon (1962) “Welsh potholers find Bronze Age skeletons,” New Scientist, 17 May, p. 330.
Anon (no date) Mewslade Cave, Rhossili, Swansea, Gazetteer of Caves, Fissures and Rock Shelters in Britain Containing Human Remains. Available at: http://caveburial.ubss.org.uk/wales/mewsladecave.htm (Accessed: March 11, 2020).
Armstrong, R. et al. (2016) User guide for the BGS Geology : 50k dataset (V8). Available at: https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/515821/ (Accessed: August 5, 2025).
Atkinson, R.J.C. (1961) “Giant’s Grave in Llethrid Cwm,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 14, p. 5. Available at: https://journals.library.wales/view/1272866/1273777/78 (Accessed: February 27, 2020).
Ayres, F. (1962) Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of matrices. New York: Schaum (Schaum’s outline series).
Bader, D. (2017) Python Tricks: The Book. Ron Holland Designs.
Bader, D., Jablonski, J. and Heisler, F. (2021) Python Basics: A Practical Introduction to Python 3. Real Python.
Bahn, P. and Pettitt, P. (2009) Britain’s Oldest Art: The Ice Age cave art of Creswell Crags. English Heritage. Available at: http://www.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/britains-oldest-art/ (Accessed: June 24, 2015).
Bahn, P.G., Pettitt, P. and Ripoll, S. (2003) “Discovery of Palaeolithic cave art in Britain,” Antiquity, 77(296), pp. 227–231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0009222X.
Ball, K. (2016) “Geology of the Gower Bone Caves,” South Wales Caving Club Newsletter, pp. 55–64.
Ballin, T.B. (2021) Classification of Lithic Artefacts from the British Late Glacial and Holocene Periods. Archaeopress. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.15135913.
Barnatt, J. and Edmonds, M. (2002) “Places Apart? Caves and Monuments in Neolithic and Earlier Bronze Age Britain,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 12(1), pp. 113–129. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774302000069.
Barton, N., Roberts, A.J. and Roe, D.A. (1991) The late glacial in north-west Europe: Human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. N. Barton, A. J. Roberts and D. A. Roe. Publisher Council for British Archaeology (CBA Research Report No. 77), London 1991 (279 pp) f£32.00 ISBN 1 872414 15 X. CBA Research Report 77, p. 279. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jqs.3390100219 (Accessed: March 4, 2020).
Bates, D.M. et al. (2016) Refresh of the Welsh Research Agenda for Palaeolithic & Mesolithic Archaeology 2016, p. 15.
Batten, R.J. et al. (1986) “A Review of the Operation of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit,” Radiocarbon, 28(2A), pp. 177–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200007244.
Bayliss, A. (2009) “Rolling Out Revolution: Using Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology,” Radiocarbon, 51(1), pp. 123–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200033750.
Bayliss, A. (2022) Radiocarbon Dating and Chronological Modelling. Liverpool University Press (Historic England). Available at: https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/Radiocarbon-Dating-and-Chronological-Modelling-by-Alex-Bayliss-author-Peter-Marshall-author-Historic-England-issuing-body/9781802077643 (Accessed: March 4, 2023).
Bayliss, A. et al. (2007) “Bradshaw and Bayes: Towards a Timetable for the Neolithic,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 17(S1), pp. 1–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774307000145.
Bayliss, A., McCormac, G. and Plicht, H. van der (2004) “An illustrated guide to measuring radiocarbon from archaeological samples,” Physics Education, 39(2), pp. 137–144. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/39/2/001.

Discoveries

Archaeology
Human Remains, Flint Tools, Pottery, Cave Art, Bronze
Time Period-Culture
Fauna
Bear - Ursus sp., Fox - Vulpes vulpes, Hyaena - Crocuta crocuta, Wild Cat - Felis sylvestris, Irish Deer - Megaceros hibernicus, Red Deer - Cervus elaphus, Reindeer - Rangifer tarundus, Sheep - Ovis aries, Woolly Rhinoceros - R. antiquitalis, Wild Horse - Equus caballus, Wild Pig - Sus scrofa, Mammoth - Elephas primigenius, Vole - Arvicola sp.
Notes

Bibliography

1902014 cathole 1 harvard1 50 creator asc year 1 1 1 2180 https://www.gowerbonecaves.org.uk/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%228P59XW86%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allen%20and%20Rutter%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221948%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAllen%2C%20E.E.%20and%20Rutter%2C%20J.G.%20%281948%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%202%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Welsh%20Guides.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26amp%3Bdq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26amp%3Bhl%3Den%26amp%3Bsa%3DX%26amp%3Bei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26amp%3Bved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Gower%20Caves%3A%20A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Gower%20Caves%20with%20an%20Account%20of%20Recent%20Excavations%2C%20Part%202%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernest%20Edgar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rutter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221948%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNNQOgAACAAJ%26dq%3Dinauthor%3A%2522J.%2BG.%2BRutter%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DbwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL%26ved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAg%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-07-18T15%3A16%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VWSPT7NI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnon%20%282012%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCathole%20Cave%2C%20Parkmill%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCoflein%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2020%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Parkmill%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fsite%5C%2F305612%5C%2Fdetails%5C%2FCATHOLE%2BCAVE%252C%2BPARKMILL%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-11T16%3A05%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225AP7KBET%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bates%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBates%2C%20D.M.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282016%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRefresh%20of%20the%20Welsh%20Research%20Agenda%20for%20Palaeolithic%20%26amp%3B%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%202016%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%2015.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BDownload%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DownloadURL%20zp-getDownloadURL%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-dl%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D1902014%26amp%3Bdlkey%3DBAGJJRFK%26amp%3Bcontent_type%3Dapplication%5C%2Fpdf%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BDownload%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Refresh%20of%20the%20Welsh%20Research%20Agenda%20for%20Palaeolithic%20%26%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%202016%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Professor%20Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Ian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Astrid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caseldine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22David%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinnis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hankinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Rick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulting%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-24T10%3A36%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229G468EBD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beardsley%20and%20Nash%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBeardsley%2C%20A.%20and%20Nash%2C%20G.H.%20%282013%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Survey%20of%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUBSS%20Proceedings%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2026%281%29%2C%20pp.%2073%26%23x2013%3B83.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_1_73-83.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_1_73-83.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2024%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Survey%20of%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beardsley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20September%202010%20one%20of%20the%20authors%20%28GHN%29%20discovered%20a%20Late%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20engraving%20of%20a%20cervid%20in%20Cathole%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales.%20The%20cave%20site%20has%20been%20designated%20a%20Scheduled%20Monument%20%28GM%20349%29.%20As%20part%20of%20the%20remit%20to%20record%20this%20and%20other%20features%20within%20the%20cave%2C%20the%20Welsh%20heritage%20agency%20CADW%20commissioned%20a%203D%20digital%20survey%20of%20the%20main%20galley%20and%20side%20chambers%20of%20the%20cave.%20Data%20from%20this%20exercise%20allowed%20the%20production%20of%20an%20accurate%20plan%20of%20the%20south-western%20section%20of%20the%20cave%20to%20be%20made.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20technical%20constraints%2C%20the%20northern%20and%20north-eastern%20section%20of%20the%20cave%20could%20not%20be%20digitally%20surveyed.%20In%20July%202012%20one%20of%20the%20authors%20%28GHN%29%20accompanied%20a%20small%20team%20of%20archaeologists%20and%20completed%20the%20survey%2C%20the%20results%20of%20this%20work%20reported%20in%20this%20paper.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_1_73-83.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-02-09T17%3A38%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B7FTNDT9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bosse-Griffiths%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221955%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBosse-Griffiths%2C%20K.%20%281955%29%20%26%23x201C%3BNew%20Gower%20finds%20in%20the%20Swansea%20Museum%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%208%2C%20p.%2033.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273274%5C%2F54%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273274%5C%2F54%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20February%208%2C%202018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22New%20Gower%20finds%20in%20the%20Swansea%20Museum%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bosse-Griffiths%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221955%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1272866%5C%2F1273274%5C%2F54%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-22T18%3A20%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BWVSKRIR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Campbell%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCampbell%2C%20J.B.%20%281977%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20of%20Britain%3A%20Study%20of%20Man%20and%20Nature%20in%20the%20Late%20Ice%20Age%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Oxford%3A%20Clarendon%20Press.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-Upper-Palaeolithic-Britain-Nature%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0198131887%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-Upper-Palaeolithic-Britain-Nature%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0198131887%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2024%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20of%20Britain%3A%20Study%20of%20Man%20and%20Nature%20in%20the%20Late%20Ice%20Age%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campbell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-813188-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-Upper-Palaeolithic-Britain-Nature%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0198131887%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-02-13T15%3A25%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YWVAYNL4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Campbell%20and%20Bowen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCampbell%2C%20S.%20and%20Bowen%2C%20D.Q.%20%281989%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGeological%20conservation%20review%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20quaternary%20of%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Peterborough%3A%20Nature%20Conservancy%20Council.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportals.iucn.org%5C%2Flibrary%5C%2Fnode%5C%2F14313%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportals.iucn.org%5C%2Flibrary%5C%2Fnode%5C%2F14313%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20December%2027%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geological%20conservation%20review%20%3A%20quaternary%20of%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campbell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-86139-570-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportals.iucn.org%5C%2Flibrary%5C%2Fnode%5C%2F14313%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-27T12%3A21%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HRES9VUC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Case%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCase%2C%20D.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282014%29%20%26%23x201C%3BExcavations%20at%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%2C%20Swansea%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUBSS%20Proceedings%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2026%282%29%2C%20pp.%20131%26%23x2013%3B169.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_2_131-169.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_2_131-169.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20February%2017%2C%202016%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Excavations%20at%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%2C%20Swansea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Case%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ingrem%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20discovery%20of%20an%20engraving%20in%20Cathole%20Cave%20in%202010%20led%20to%20a%20decision%20to%20grille%20the%20cave.%20In%202012%20excavations%20took%20place%20in%20the%20cave%20ahead%20of%20the%20grilling.%20Two%20areas%20of%20the%20cave%20were%20excavated%3B%20Trench%20A%20demonstrating%20that%20the%20cave%20held%20a%20faunal%20occupation%20dating%20to%20MIS%203%2C%20at%20a%20time%2C%20or%20times%2C%20between%2050%2C000%20and%2030%2C000%20BP.%20Two%20flint%20blades%20of%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20appearance%20were%20discovered%20along%20with%20a%20faunal%20assemblage%20from%20within%20the%20shallow%20deposits%20across%20the%20line%20of%20the%20grille.%20The%20work%20demonstrated%20that%20the%20earlier%20excavations%20in%20the%20cave%20by%20Col.%20E.R.%20Wood%20were%20extensive%20and%20at%20this%20point%20in%20the%20cave%20he%20excavated%20to%20bedrock.%20The%20standing%20section%20%28Area%20B%29%20which%20he%20left%20exposed%20further%20along%20the%20main%20cave%20passage%20was%20also%20cleaned%2C%20recorded%20and%20sampled.%20The%20deposits%20contain%20a%20faunal%20assemblage%20dominated%20by%20microfauna%2C%20but%20no%20cultural%20artefacts%20were%20found.%20The%20dating%20of%20key%20animal%20bones%2C%20the%20analysis%20of%20the%20microfauna%20and%20the%20sedimentological%20analysis%20have%20together%20enabled%20a%20picture%20to%20be%20developed%20of%20the%20changes%20in%20this%20section%20from%20the%20mid-Devensian%20to%20Late%20Glacial%20and%20Holocene.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fproceedings%5C%2Fvol26%5C%2FUBSS_Proc_26_2_131-169.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-02-17T22%3A59%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T3557P4X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cooper%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCooper%2C%20J.%20%282013%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCat%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20a%20photographic%20examination%2C%20Part%20I%3A%20The%20Cat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20%26%23x201C%3BEyes%2C%26%23x201D%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAcademia.edu%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F4625396%5C%2FCat_Hole_Cave_a_photographic_examination_Part_I_The_Cats_Eyes%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F4625396%5C%2FCat_Hole_Cave_a_photographic_examination_Part_I_The_Cats_Eyes%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2020%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cat%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20a%20photographic%20examination%2C%20Part%20I%3A%20The%20Cat%27s%20%27Eyes%27%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooper%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22What%20started%20two%20years%20ago%20as%20a%20photographic%20project%20aiming%20to%20produce%20a%20visual%20appraisal%20of%20the%20main%20chamber%20of%20Cat%20Hole%20Cave%20has%20become%20a%20most%20interesting%20photographic%20examination%20that%20has%20extended%20to%20the%20two%20caves%20in%20CatHole%20Rock%20and%20the%20discovery%20of%20what%20could%20be%20a%20third%20cave.%20Caves%20that%20are%20full%20of%20images%20from%20the%20past.%20Caves%20stillcontaining%5Cnin%20situ%5Cnthe%20bones%20of%20long%20dead%20animals%2C%20and%20possible%20humans%2C%20caves%20with%20active%20ecosystems%3B%20and%20caves%20thisinitial%20examination%20has%20shown%20to%20be%20older%20and%20much%20more%20extensive%20than%20previously%20realised.Cat%20Hole%20Cave%20is%20closed%20from%20October%20to%20the%20beginning%20of%20May%20to%20allow%20the%20bats%20to%20hibernate%20without%20disturbance.Hopefully%20next%20summer%20there%20will%20opportunities%20to%20continue%20with%20this%20photographic%20assessment%2C%20possibly%20also%20toexplore%20the%20new%20cave%20and%20to%20enter%20some%20of%20the%20now%20blocked%20passages%20in%20both%20Upper%20and%20Lower%20Cat%20Hole.%5CnMany%20thanks%20to%20Natural%20Resource%20Wales%20for%20providing%20access%20to%20Cat%20Hole%20Cave%2C%20to%20D%5Cu0175r%20Cymru%5C%2FWelsh%20Water%20for%5Cnproviding%20access%20to%20the%20Wellhead%20Resurgence%20Cave%2C%20located%20inside%20their%20Parkmill%20water%20pumping%20station%20and%20to%20TheGlamorgan-Gwent%20Archaeological%20Trust%20for%20their%20help%20and%20support.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F4625396%5C%2FCat_Hole_Cave_a_photographic_examination_Part_I_The_Cats_Eyes%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-06-25T15%3A06%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JBDD25RV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Culver%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCulver%2C%20S.J.%20%281976%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20development%20of%20the%20Swansea%20Bay%20Area%20During%20the%20Past%2020%2C000%20Years%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2027%2C%20pp.%2058%26%23x2013%3B62.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20development%20of%20the%20Swansea%20Bay%20Area%20During%20the%20Past%2020%2C000%20Years%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Culver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T15%3A00%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CR85MVK9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dawkins%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221874%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDawkins%2C%20W.B.%20%281874%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCave%20Hunting%20Researches%20on%20the%20evidence%20of%20caves%20respecting%20the%20early%20inhabitants%20of%20Europe%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20London.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%5C%2Febooks%5C%2F52424%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%5C%2Febooks%5C%2F52424%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20March%2023%2C%202018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cave%20Hunting%20Researches%20on%20the%20evidence%20of%20caves%20respecting%20the%20early%20inhabitants%20of%20Europe%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20Boyd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dawkins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221874%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%5C%2Febooks%5C%2F52424%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223SNW8QC4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garrod%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221926%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGarrod%2C%20D.A.E.%20%281926%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20upper%20palaeolithic%20age%20in%20Britain%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Oxford%3A%20The%20Clarendon%20Press.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-upper-palaeolithic-age-Britain%5C%2Fdp%5C%2FB003HKLC0C%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-upper-palaeolithic-age-Britain%5C%2Fdp%5C%2FB003HKLC0C%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%208%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20upper%20palaeolithic%20age%20in%20Britain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothy%20Anne%20Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garrod%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221926%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FThe-upper-palaeolithic-age-Britain%5C%2Fdp%5C%2FB003HKLC0C%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-03-01T18%3A18%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228HX6295D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gibson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGibson%2C%20A.M.%20%281982%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBeaker%20domestic%20sites%3A%20a%20study%20of%20the%20domestic%20pottery%20of%20the%20late%20third%20and%20early%20second%20millenia%20B.C.%20in%20the%20British%20Isles%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20BAR%20107.%20Oxford.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Beaker%20domestic%20sites%3A%20a%20study%20of%20the%20domestic%20pottery%20of%20the%20late%20third%20and%20early%20second%20millenia%20B.C.%20in%20the%20British%20Isles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22BAR%20107%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WPS6ZGAQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Green%20and%20Walker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGreen%2C%20S.%20and%20Walker%2C%20S.%20%281991%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BIce%20Age%20Hunters%3A%20Neanderthals%20and%20Early%20Modern%20Hunters%20in%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Cardiff%3A%20National%20Museum%20of%20Wales.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.com%5C%2FIce-Age-Hunters-Simon-Walker%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F072000358X%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.com%5C%2FIce-Age-Hunters-Simon-Walker%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F072000358X%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%208%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ice%20Age%20Hunters%3A%20Neanderthals%20and%20Early%20Modern%20Hunters%20in%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Humans%20have%20lived%20in%20Wales%20for%20over%20a%20quarter%20of%20a%20million%20years%2C%20first%20by%20the%20Neanderthals%20and%20then%20by%20modern%20humans.%20Evidence%20for%20the%20first%20human%20occupation%20of%20Wales%20can%20be%20found%20in%20caves%20around%20the%20country.%5Cn%5CnThe%20%26%23039%3BPalaeolithic%26%23039%3B%20or%20%26%23039%3BEarly%20Stone%20Age%26%23039%3B%20period%20is%20the%20time%20popularly%20known%20as%20the%20%26%23039%3BIce%20Age%26%23039%3B.%20It%20saw%20very%20cold%20periods%20%28known%20as%20glacials%29%20when%20ice%20covered%20all%20of%20Wales%2C%20and%20warm%20periods%20%28interglacials%29%2C%20like%20the%20one%20in%20which%20we%20live%20today.%5Cn%5CnIt%20is%20against%20this%20backdrop%20of%20changing%20climate%20that%20our%20earliest%20ancestors%20evolved%20from%20their%20African%20origins%2C%20migrated%20across%20Europe%20and%20Asia%2C%20and%20developed%20into%20modern%20humans.%5Cn%5CnIn%20Wales%20most%20of%20the%20evidence%20we%20have%20for%20the%20earliest%20Palaeolithic%20settlements%20come%20from%20caves.%20These%20caves%20are%20found%20in%20limestone%20areas%2C%20for%20example%20in%20parts%20of%20Denbighshire%2C%20Gower%20and%20south%20Pembrokeshire%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-7200-0358-1%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.com%5C%2FIce-Age-Hunters-Simon-Walker%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F072000358X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-02T15%3A36%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N4EWFFN9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harrison%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHarrison%2C%20C.J.O.%20%281980%29%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20re-examination%20of%20British%20Devensian%20and%20earlier%20holocene%20bird%20bones%20in%20the%20British%20Museum%20%28natural%20history%29%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Archaeological%20Science%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%207%281%29%2C%20pp.%2053%26%23x2013%3B68.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0305-4403%2880%2980005-7%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0305-4403%2880%2980005-7%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20re-examination%20of%20British%20Devensian%20and%20earlier%20holocene%20bird%20bones%20in%20the%20British%20Museum%20%28natural%20history%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.J.O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Among%20bird%20bones%20in%20the%20collection%20of%20the%20Department%20of%20Palaeontology%2C%20British%20Museum%20%28Natural%20History%29%20are%20small%20collections%20from%20cave%20deposits%20and%20archaeological%20sites%20in%20Britain%2C%20mostly%20collected%20in%20the%20later%2019th%20and%20early%2020th%20centuries%2C%20and%20often%20not%20critically%20re-examined%20since%20their%20original%20incorporation.%20They%20include%20material%20from%20eleven%20caves%2C%20mostly%20late%20Devensian%20in%20age%2C%20but%20some%20with%20possible%20Ipswichian%20material%2C%20and%20a%20number%20with%20additional%20Holocene%20material%2C%20making%20it%20at%20present%20difficult%20or%20impossible%20to%20date%20certain%20specimens%20with%20certainty.%20They%20also%20include%20specimens%20from%20two%20bronze%20age%2C%20four%20iron%20age%20and%20five%20roman%20sites%3B%20and%20a%20few%20specimens%20from%20four%20peat%20deposits%20and%20three%20other%20undated%20sites.%20Seven%20hundred%20and%20fifty-five%20specimens%20were%20examined%20and%20104%20species%20identified%2C%20some%20earlier%20identifications%20being%20incorrect.%20There%20is%20no%20evidence%20of%20an%20overall%20larger%20size%20of%20individual%20birds%20during%20the%20colder%20glacial%20period.%20Only%20one%20extinct%20species%2C%20the%20Large%20Crane%20Grus%20primigenia%2C%20occurs%20in%20the%20material%3B%20but%20there%20is%20evidence%20of%20eleven%20species%20from%20both%20the%20cooler%20and%20warmer%20parts%20of%20present-day%20Europe%20which%20do%20not%20at%20present%20occur%20as%20a%20regular%20part%20of%20the%20British%20avifauna.%20A%20list%20of%20species%20identified%20and%20those%20regarded%20as%20incorrect%20is%20given%20for%20each%20site.%20A%20systematic%20list%20of%20species%20gives%20for%20each%20a%20brief%20indication%20of%20the%20material%20available%20from%20the%20sites.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FS0305-4403%2880%2980005-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203054403%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0305440380800057%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FIBJS6H8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jacobi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJacobi%2C%20R.%20%281980%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20of%20Britain%20with%20special%20reference%20to%20Wales.%20In%20J.%20A.%20Taylor%20%28ed.%29%2C%20Culture%20and%20Environment%20in%20Prehistoric%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20pp.%2015%26%23x2013%3B100.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fabout%5C%2FCulture_and_environment_in_prehistoric_W.html%3Fid%3D2JNWAAAAMAAJ%26amp%3Bredir_esc%3Dy%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fabout%5C%2FCulture_and_environment_in_prehistoric_W.html%3Fid%3D2JNWAAAAMAAJ%26amp%3Bredir_esc%3Dy%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20of%20Britain%20with%20special%20reference%20to%20Wales.%20In%20J.%20A.%20Taylor%20%28ed.%29%2C%20Culture%20and%20Environment%20in%20Prehistoric%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fabout%5C%2FCulture_and_environment_in_prehistoric_W.html%3Fid%3D2JNWAAAAMAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-03-01T18%3A18%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LTZUY4I7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLucas%2C%20R.L.T.%20%281977%29%20%26%23x201C%3BParson%20Davies%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2028%2C%20pp.%205%26%23x2013%3B15.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Parson%20Davies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T15%3A08%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ISPB5HT3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McBurney%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221959%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcBurney%2C%20C.B.M.%20%281959%29%20%26%23x201C%3BReport%20on%20the%20First%20Season%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Fieldwork%20on%20British%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Cave%20Deposits%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProceedings%20of%20the%20Prehistoric%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%2812%29%2C%20pp.%20260--269.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26amp%3Baid%3D9265754%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26amp%3Baid%3D9265754%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%208%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Report%20on%20the%20First%20Season%27s%20Fieldwork%20on%20British%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Cave%20Deposits%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20B.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McBurney%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22During%20the%20Easter%20and%20Summer%20of%201958%20a%20programme%20of%20investigations%20into%20British%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20cave%20deposits%20was%20initiated%20on%20behalf%20of%20the%20Prehistoric%20Society%2C%20with%20the%20aid%20of%20a%20grant%20from%20the%20Research%20Fund.%20The%20work%20was%20further%20supported%20by%20the%20Crowther%20Beynon%20Fund%20of%20the%20Museum%20of%20Archaeology%20and%20Ethnology%20of%20Cambridge.%20Labour%20in%20the%20field%20was%20provided%20by%20students%20in%20the%20Department%20of%20Archaeology%20and%20Anthropology%20of%20the%20University%2C%20with%20notable%20assistance%20from%20several%20members%20of%20the%20Society%20in%20different%20areas.%5Cn%5CnThe%20prime%20objectives%20of%20the%20work%2C%20which%20is%20still%20in%20progress%2C%20are%20to%20define%20more%20precisely%20the%20character%20of%20the%20different%20stages%20in%20the%20British%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%2C%20and%20to%20study%20them%20against%20their%20chronological%20and%20environmental%20background.%20In%20this%20way%20it%20is%20hoped%20to%20throw%20light%20on%20wider%20problems%20of%20the%20relation%20of%20British%20finds%20to%20the%20rapidly%20emerging%20picture%20of%20the%20Late%20Glacial%20hunting%20communities%20of%20Central%20Europe%20and%20the%20Low%20Countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221959%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%5C%2Faction%5C%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D9265754%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-02-13T15%3A38%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WCC9IWUE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McComb%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcComb%2C%20P.%20%281989%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUpper%20Palaeolithic%20Osseous%20Artifacts%20from%20Britain%20and%20Belgium%3A%20An%20Inventory%20and%20Technological%20Description%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20British%20Archaeological%20Reports%20%28International%20Series%2C%20481%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%5C%2Foxbow%5C%2Fupper-palaeolithic-osseous-artifacts-from-britain-and-belgium.html%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%5C%2Foxbow%5C%2Fupper-palaeolithic-osseous-artifacts-from-britain-and-belgium.html%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Osseous%20Artifacts%20from%20Britain%20and%20Belgium%3A%20An%20Inventory%20and%20Technological%20Description%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McComb%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-86054-618-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%5C%2Foxbow%5C%2Fupper-palaeolithic-osseous-artifacts-from-britain-and-belgium.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-03-01T18%3A18%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QC6Q6W9W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Meiklejohn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMeiklejohn%2C%20C.%2C%20Chamberlain%2C%20A.%20and%20Schulting%2C%20R.%20%282011%29%20%26%23x201C%3BRadiocarbon%20dating%20of%20Mesolithic%20human%20remains%20in%20Great%20Britain%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMesolithic%20Miscellany%2C%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2021%282%29%2C%20pp.%2020%26%23x2013%3B58.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F284473218_Radiocarbon_dating_of_Mesolithic_human_remains_in_Great_Britain%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F284473218_Radiocarbon_dating_of_Mesolithic_human_remains_in_Great_Britain%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20February%2028%2C%202020%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Radiocarbon%20dating%20of%20Mesolithic%20human%20remains%20in%20Great%20Britain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meiklejohn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chamberlain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulting%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22ResearchGate%20is%20a%20network%20dedicated%20to%20science%20and%20research.%20Connect%2C%20collaborate%20and%20discover%20scientific%20publications%2C%20jobs%20and%20conferences.%20All%20for%20free.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F284473218_Radiocarbon_dating_of_Mesolithic_human_remains_in_Great_Britain%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-22T18%3A44%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HBMISXAT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Morris%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMorris%2C%20R.%20%281977%29%20%26%23x201C%3BJohn%20Dillwyn%20Llewelyn%2C%201810-1882%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2028%2C%20pp.%2020%26%23x2013%3B23.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22John%20Dillwyn%20Llewelyn%2C%201810-1882%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T16%3A09%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M8FRXEDF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Morris%20and%20Grenfell%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMorris%2C%20B.%20and%20Grenfell%2C%20H.%20%281970%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Caves%20of%20Gower%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2021%2C%20pp.%2036%26%23x2013%3B49.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwelshjournals.llgc.org.uk%5C%2Fbrowse%5C%2Fviewpage%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1272866%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274315%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274353%5C%2Fget650%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwelshjournals.llgc.org.uk%5C%2Fbrowse%5C%2Fviewpage%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1272866%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274315%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274353%5C%2Fget650%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%2028%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Caves%20of%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harold%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grenfell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwelshjournals.llgc.org.uk%5C%2Fbrowse%5C%2Fviewpage%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1272866%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274315%5C%2Fllgc-id%3A1274353%5C%2Fget650%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T14%3A40%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GU8I7W7R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.H.%20%282015%29%20%26%23x201C%3BFurther%20Possible%20Discoveries%20of%20Engravings%20within%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Swansea%2C%20Gower%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProceedings%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Bristol%20Speliology%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2026%283%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F13724102%5C%2FFURTHER_POSSIBLE_DISCOVERIES_OF_ENGRAVINGS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_SWANSEA_GOWER%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F13724102%5C%2FFURTHER_POSSIBLE_DISCOVERIES_OF_ENGRAVINGS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_SWANSEA_GOWER%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Further%20Possible%20Discoveries%20of%20Engravings%20within%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Swansea%2C%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20September%202010%20the%20author%20discovered%20a%20possible%20Late%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20engraving%20of%20a%20cervid%20in%20CatholeCave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales%20%28Figure%201%29.%20Members%20of%20the%20NERC-Open%20University%20Uranium%20SeriesFacility%20extracted%20samples%20from%20the%20surface%20on%20which%20the%20engraving%20was%20made%20in%20April%202012%2C%20together%20with%20a%20samplefrom%20a%20section%20of%20flowstone%20covering%20part%20of%20the%20reindeer%5Cu2019s%20muzzle.%20A%20single%20date%20of%2012%2C572%20%5Cu00b1%20600%20years%20BP%20was%20obtainedfrom%20the%20overlying%20flowstone%2C%20suggesting%20a%20minimum%20age%20for%20the%20engraving%20%28Nash%5Cnet%20al.%5Cn%202010%2C%202012%29.%20This%20discovery%20prompted%20the%20author%20to%20explore%20the%20cave%20with%20a%20greater%20degree%20of%20scrutiny.As%20part%20of%20the%20remit%20to%20record%20this%20and%20other%20features%20within%20the%20cave%2C%20the%20Welsh%20heritage%20agency%20CADWcommissioned%20a%203D%20digital%20survey%20of%20the%20main%20galley%20and%20side%20chambers%20of%20the%20cave.%20This%20survey%20allowed%20the%20team%20to%20produce%20an%20accurate%20and%20definitive%20plan%20of%20the%20cave%20%28Nash%20and%20Beardsley%2C%202012%29.%20In%20addition%2C%20a%20survey%20was%20undertaken%20inJuly%202012%20where%20the%20majority%20of%20the%20accessible%20surfaces%20of%20the%20cave%20were%20explored.%20This%20paper%20describes%20the%20results%20of%20that%20phase%20of%20work%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F13724102%5C%2FFURTHER_POSSIBLE_DISCOVERIES_OF_ENGRAVINGS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_SWANSEA_GOWER%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-02-13T15%3A38%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KD55JRXZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.%2C%20H.%20%28no%20date%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRock%20Art%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBradshaw%20Foundation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fgower_peninsula_south_wales%5C%2Findex.php%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fgower_peninsula_south_wales%5C%2Findex.php%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rock%20Art%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%2C%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recently%20discovered%20by%20archaeologist%20Dr.%20George%20Nash%2C%20a%20wall%20carving%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales%20may%20prove%20to%20be%20one%20of%20Britain%26%23039%3Bs%20oldest%20examples%20of%20rock%20art.%20The%20carving%20of%20a%20speared%20reindeer%20is%20believed%20to%20have%20been%20created%20by%20a%20hunter-gatherer%20in%20the%20Ice%20Age%20more%20than%2014%2C000%20years%20ago.%5Cn%20%5CnIn%20a%20recent%20Press%20Release%20%26%23039%3BMinimum%20U-Series%20date%20makes%20Welsh%20discovery%20the%20oldest%20rock%20art%20in%20the%20British%20Isles%20%28and%20North-western%20Europe%29%26%23039%3B%2C%20the%20new%20minimum%20date%20of%2014%2C505%20%2B%20560%20years%20BP%20may%20confirm%20this.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%5C%2Fbritish_isles_prehistory_archive%5C%2Fgower_peninsula_south_wales%5C%2Findex.php%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-06T19%3A04%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HME88YB8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.H.%20%282012%29%20%26%23x201C%3BBrief%20note%20of%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of%20upper%20Palaeolithic%20Rock%20Art%20at%20Cathole%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20SS%205377%209002%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArchaeology%20in%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2051%2C%20pp.%20111%26%23x2013%3B114.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Brief%20note%20of%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of%20upper%20Palaeolithic%20Rock%20Art%20at%20Cathole%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20SS%205377%209002%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20September%202010%20an%20engraving%20of%20a%20cervid%2C%20probably%20a%20reindeer%2C%20was%20discovered%20at%20the%20rear%20of%20Cathole%20Cave.%20A%20datable%20flowstone%20%28stal%29%20covered%20part%20of%20the%20engraving%20and%20this%20short%20report%20outlines%20the%20context%20in%20which%20the%20rock%20art%20was%20found%20and%20the%20technique%20of%20Uranium%20Series%20dating%20used%20to%20assign%20a%20date%20of%2012%2C572%20%5Cu00b1%20600%20years%20BP%20%28GN-10%20GHS2%29%20from%20the%20overlying%20flowstone%20and%2014%2C505%20%5Cu00b1%20560%20years%20BP%20%28CAT%2011%234%29%20from%20a%20further%20flowstone%20to%20the%20left%20of%20the%20muzzle.%20Au%5C%2FSH%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TU2EMAEP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.%2C%20H.%20%282011%29%20%26%23x201C%3BAnimals%20as%20landscape%3A%20Rock%20Art%20within%20a%20cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArkeos%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2029%2C%20pp.%2093%26%23x2013%3B105.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1202009%5C%2F2011_Nash_on_Cathole_for_Arkeos_Low_res%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1202009%5C%2F2011_Nash_on_Cathole_for_Arkeos_Low_res%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2019%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animals%20as%20landscape%3A%20Rock%20Art%20within%20a%20cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%2C%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20discovery%20of%20an%20engraved%20cervid%2C%20probably%20a%20reindeer%2C%20in%20September%202010%20within%20an%20inland%20cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%20has%20reaffirmed%20the%20presence%20of%20hunter%5C%2F%20%5C%2Fgatherer%20communities%20in%20this%20area%20during%20the%20Upper%20Palaeolithic.%20The%20engraving%20is%20the%20first%20of%20its%20kind%20to%20be%20found%20in%20Wales%20and%20only%20the%20second%20confirmed%20discovery%20of%20Parietal%20art%20in%20the%20British%20Isles.%5CnIn%20April%202011%2C%20samples%20were%20taken%20from%20a%20secondary%20mineral%20deposit%20%5Cu2013%20a%20speleotherm%20%28stal%29%20%5Cu2013%20for%20Uranium%20Series%20dating%3B%20a%20section%20of%20this%20deposit%20overlay%20the%20rock%20art.%20By%20late%20August%2C%20a%20date%20of%2012%2C572%20%5Cu00b1%20600%20BP%20years%20had%20been%20established%20for%20this%20stal%20deposit%2C%20suggesting%20a%20minimum%20age%20for%20the%20engraving.%20Since%20that%20initial%20discovery%2C%20further%20engraved%20rock%20art%20has%20been%20discovered%20within%20the%20region.%20However%2C%20how%20does%20this%20activity%20relate%20to%20climate%20and%20environment%20at%20the%20southwest%20extent%20of%20Ice%20Age%20Britain%3F%20More%20importantly%2C%20what%20is%20the%20relationship%20between%20artist%2C%20cervid%20and%20the%20landscape%20they%20shared%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1202009%5C%2F2011_Nash_on_Cathole_for_Arkeos_Low_res%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-02-28T11%3A21%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NWN2QVER%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.%2C%20H.%2C%20van%20Calsteren%2C%20P.%20and%20Thomas%2C%20L.%20%282010%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMarks%20of%20sanctity%3F%20Discovery%20of%20rock%20art%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTime%20%26amp%3B%20Mind%3A%20The%20Journal%20of%20Archaeology%2C%20Consciousness%20%26amp%3B%20Culture%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%204%282%29%2C%20pp.%20149%26%23x2013%3B54.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Foro.open.ac.uk%5C%2F37600%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Foro.open.ac.uk%5C%2F37600%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%207%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Marks%20of%20sanctity%3F%20Discovery%20of%20rock%20art%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%2C%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Calsteren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Britain%20is%20regarded%20by%20some%20as%20an%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20cultural%20backwater%2C%20but%20this%20part%20of%20northwestern%20Europe%20also%20encountered%20the%20ravages%20of%20the%20Devensian%20with%20the%20southern%20limit%20of%20the%20ice%20margin%20extending%20a%20few%20kilometers%20north%20of%20the%20limestone%20caves%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales.%20Following%20sudden%20climatic%20warming%2C%20groups%20of%20hunter%5C%2Ffisher%5C%2Fgatherers%20started%20to%20utilize%20this%20sometimes%20hostile%20landscape%2C%20seasonally%20occupying%20many%20of%20the%20caves%20that%20are%20cut%20and%20shaped%20into%20the%20limestone%20outcropping%20that%20frequents%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula.%20At%20this%20time%20an%20extensive%20landmass%20would%20have%20replaced%20much%20of%20the%20present%20Bristol%20Channel%20%28Jacobi%201980%29.%20It%20is%20indeed%20a%20rare%20occurrence%20for%20Pleistocene%20rock%20art%20to%20be%20discovered%20within%20the%20British%20Isles%2C%20with%20only%20one%20authenticated%20discovery%20made%20in%202003%20at%20Church%20Hole%20Cave%20at%20Creswell%20Crags%20on%20the%20Derbyshire%5C%2FNottinghamshire%20border%20%28Bahn%20and%20Pettitt%202009%29.%20It%20is%20not%20too%20fanciful%20to%20suggest%20that%20in%20order%20to%20secure%20a%20successful%20hunt%20or%20merely%20to%20revere%20a%20spiritual%20being%20that%20metaphysically%20occupied%20the%20rear%20section%20of%20the%20cave%2C%20artists%20were%20engraving%20within%20its%20hidden%20recesses.%20This%20short%20article%20announces%20and%20contextually%20describes%20a%20recent%20discovery%20of%20probable%20Pleistocene%20rock%20art%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales.%20Reprinted%20by%20permission%20of%20the%20publisher.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Foro.open.ac.uk%5C%2F37600%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-02-13T15%3A39%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2292QZ3JZF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.H.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282011%29%20%26%23x201C%3BRock%20around%20the%20Gower%3A%20Report%20on%20the%20exciting%20rock%20art%20discovery%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsular%20and%20what%20it%20means%20for%20the%20prehistory%20of%20the%20British%20Isles.%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMinerva%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20pp.%2022%26%23x2013%3B24.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1078395%5C%2FNewly_discovered_Upper_Palaeolithic_rock_art_on_the_Gower%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1078395%5C%2FNewly_discovered_Upper_Palaeolithic_rock_art_on_the_Gower%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2019%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rock%20around%20the%20Gower%3A%20Report%20on%20the%20exciting%20rock%20art%20discovery%20on%20the%20Gower%20Peninsular%20and%20what%20it%20means%20for%20the%20prehistory%20of%20the%20British%20Isles.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Calsteren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simms%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Newly%20discovered%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20rock%20art%20on%20the%20Gower%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F1078395%5C%2FNewly_discovered_Upper_Palaeolithic_rock_art_on_the_Gower%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-04-07T16%3A10%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ULMPDRAQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.H.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282016%29%20%26%23x201C%3BAssessing%20the%20geochemistry%20of%20possible%20inorganic%20applied%20pigments%20within%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProc.%20Univ.%20Bristol%20Spelaeol.%20Soc.%2C%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2027%281%29%2C%20pp.%2081%26%23x2013%3B93.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F305321284_ASSESSING_THE_GEOCHEMISTRY_OF_POSSIBLE_INORGANIC_APPLIED_PIGMENTS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_GOWER_PENINSULA_SOUTH_WALES%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F305321284_ASSESSING_THE_GEOCHEMISTRY_OF_POSSIBLE_INORGANIC_APPLIED_PIGMENTS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_GOWER_PENINSULA_SOUTH_WALES%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20April%2028%2C%202018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20the%20geochemistry%20of%20possible%20inorganic%20applied%20pigments%20within%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00e9s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gomes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierluigi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nicoli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22lisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Volpe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carmela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vaccaro%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recent%20investigations%20within%20Cathole%20Cave%20have%20revealed%20several%20rock%20engravings%20that%20date%20from%20the%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20including%20a%20stylised%20cervid%2C%20possibly%20a%20reindeer%20and%2C%20as%20yet%20indistinguishable%20engravings%20above%20and%20below%20the%20cervid.%20In%20advance%20of%20the%20erection%20of%20a%20protective%20steel%20grille%20in%202014%2C%20several%20archaeological%20trenches%20revealed%20evidence%20of%20%20anthropogenic%20and%20palaeozoomorphic%20activity%20which%20probably%20dates%20from%20a%20period%20when%20much%20of%20the%20northern%20and%20western%20parts%20of%20the%20British%20Isles%20was%20covered%20by%20ice.%20In%20November%202010%2C%20one%20of%20the%20authors%20%28GHN%29%20discovered%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20possible%20haematite%20%28Fe203%29%20spread%20that%20occupied%20a%20small%20section%20of%20the%20western%20wall%20of%20the%20main%20gallery%20of%20the%20cave.%20This%20spread%20was%20either%20the%20result%20of%20natural%20secretion%20from%20the%20substrate%20or%20it%20was%20applied%20via%20human%20agency.%20No%20other%20possible%20haematite%20spreads%20existed%20within%20this%20particular%20cave%2C%20although%20haematite%20is%20common%20throughout%20the%20limestone%20caves%20of%20the%20Gower%20Peninsula.%20In%202015%20the%20Welsh%20heritage%20agency%20Cadw%20awarded%20a%20generous%20grant%20for%20the%20possible%20haematite%20spread%20to%20be%20sampled%20and%20chemically%20analysed%2C%20and%20for%20an%20overlying%20speleothem%20coat%20to%20be%20dated%20using%20uranium-series%20disequilibrium%20methods.%20This%20paper%20reports%20on%20the%20fieldwork%20and%20the%20first%20phase%20of%20laboratory%20research%20that%20included%20Raman%20Spectrometry%2C%20Scanning%20Electron%20Microscope%20analysis%20%28SEM%29%20and%20thin-section%20analysis%20on%20samples%20of%20loose%20substrate.%20The%20results%20of%20this%20phase%20of%20work%20confirm%20that%20the%20samples%20taken%20from%20Cathole%20Cave%20may%20be%20the%20result%20of%20pigment%20application.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F305321284_ASSESSING_THE_GEOCHEMISTRY_OF_POSSIBLE_INORGANIC_APPLIED_PIGMENTS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_GOWER_PENINSULA_SOUTH_WALES%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-06-24T11%3A58%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZPN6DBS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nash%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNash%2C%20G.H.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282012%29%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20discovery%20of%20possible%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Parietal%20art%20in%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProceedings%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Bristol%20Speliology%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%283%29%2C%20pp.%20327%26%23x2013%3B336.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F3613411%5C%2FThe_discovery_of_possible_Upper_Palaeolithic_Parietal_art_in_Cathole_Cave_Gower_Peninsula_South_Wales%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F3613411%5C%2FThe_discovery_of_possible_Upper_Palaeolithic_Parietal_art_in_Cathole_Cave_Gower_Peninsula_South_Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2019%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20discovery%20of%20possible%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Parietal%20art%20in%20Cathole%20Cave%2C%20Gower%20Peninsula%2C%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Calsteren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simms%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20September%202010%20an%20engraving%20was%20discovered%20in%20Cathole%20Cave%20on%20the%20Gower%20peninsula%20in%20South%20Wales%20which%20has%20been%20interpreted%20as%20a%20possible%20representation%20of%20a%20cervid.%20Uranium%20series%20dating%20of%20calcite%20which%20overlays%20part%20of%20the%20engraving%20has%20been%20dated%20to%20approx.%2012%2C500%20BP%20suggesting%20a%20possible%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20date%20for%20the%20figure.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F3613411%5C%2FThe_discovery_of_possible_Upper_Palaeolithic_Parietal_art_in_Cathole_Cave_Gower_Peninsula_South_Wales%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-06-25T15%3A05%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JRCMIVAX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Oldham%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221978%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOldham%2C%20T.%20%281978%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCaves%20of%20Gower%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Anne%20Oldham%20%28Privately%20printed%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%208%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Caves%20of%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oldham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221978%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-904899-07-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-29T14%3A58%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228GCUEUDD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Oldham%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOldham%2C%20T.%20%282003%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCaves%20of%20Gower%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Anne%20Oldham%20%28Privately%20printed%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20July%208%2C%202015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Caves%20of%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oldham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-904899-07-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%5C%2FCaves-Gower-Tony-Oldham%5C%2Fdp%5C%2F0904899071%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BXSQ4ED4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Oweb%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221966%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOweb%2C%20T.R.%20%281966%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Limstones%20of%20Gower%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2017%2C%20pp.%2030%26%23x2013%3B34.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Limstones%20of%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oweb%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221966%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T14%3A55%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226KHIF435%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Price%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPrice%2C%20C.R.%20%282003%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLate%20Pleistocene%20and%20Early%20Holocene%20Small%20Mammals%20in%20South%20west%20Britain%3A%20environmental%20and%20taphonomic%20implications%20and%20their%20role%20in%20archaeological%20research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20British%20Series%20347.%20Oxford%3A%20Archaeopress.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F237375928_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_Small_Mammals_in_South_west_Britain_environmental_and_taphonomic_implications_and_their_role_in_archaeological_research%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F237375928_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_Small_Mammals_in_South_west_Britain_environmental_and_taphonomic_implications_and_their_role_in_archaeological_research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Late%20Pleistocene%20and%20Early%20Holocene%20Small%20Mammals%20in%20South%20west%20Britain%3A%20environmental%20and%20taphonomic%20implications%20and%20their%20role%20in%20archaeological%20research%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Price%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22British%20Series%20347%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F237375928_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_Small_Mammals_in_South_west_Britain_environmental_and_taphonomic_implications_and_their_role_in_archaeological_research%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-02-19T23%3A30%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PINUAMFQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221887%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRoberts%2C%20J.%20%281887%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Hole%20Cave%20and%20Park%20Cwm%20Tumulus%2C%20Gower%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Swansea%3A%20The%20Royal%20Institution%20for%20South%20Wales%2C%20pp.%2015%26%23x2013%3B23.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cat%5Cu2019s%20Hole%20Cave%20and%20Park%20Cwm%20Tumulus%2C%20Gower%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22The%20Royal%20Institution%20for%20South%20Wales%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221887%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-02-23T12%3A43%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WNU5HQAX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royal%20Commission%20on%20Ancient%20and%20Historical%20Monuments%20in%20Wales%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRoyal%20Commission%20on%20Ancient%20and%20Historical%20Monuments%20in%20Wales%20%281976%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAn%20Inventory%20of%20the%20Ancient%20Monuments%20in%20Wales.%20Volume%20I%3A%20Pre-Norman%20Part%20I.%20The%20Stone%20and%20Bronze%20Ages%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Cardiff%3A%20HMSO.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frcahmw.gov.uk%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fglamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-1-the-stone-and-bronze-ages-ebook-2%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frcahmw.gov.uk%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fglamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-1-the-stone-and-bronze-ages-ebook-2%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%28Accessed%3A%20June%2030%2C%202016%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20Inventory%20of%20the%20Ancient%20Monuments%20in%20Wales.%20Volume%20I%3A%20Pre-Norman%20Part%20I.%20The%20Stone%20and%20Bronze%20Ages%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royal%20Commission%20on%20Ancient%20and%20Historical%20Monuments%20in%20Wales%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-11-700588-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frcahmw.gov.uk%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fglamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-1-the-stone-and-bronze-ages-ebook-2%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-03-07T17%3A28%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PDVLW2M5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Savory%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221962%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSavory%2C%20H.N.%20%281962%29%20%26%23x201C%3BSome%20Gower%20Brooches%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2015%2C%20pp.%2022%26%23x2013%3B28.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Some%20Gower%20Brooches%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savory%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221962%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-16T09%3A10%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225M9IP9KA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Scourse%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221990-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BScourse%2C%20J.D.%20%281990%29%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Quaternary%20of%20Wales.%20Geological%20Conservation%20Review.%20S.%20CAMPBELL%2C%20D.%20Q.%20BOWEN%2C%20Publisher%20Nature%20Conservancy%20Council%2C%20Peterborough%201989%20%28237%20pp%29%20%26%23xA3%3B27.00%20ISBN%200%2086139%20570%200%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Quaternary%20Science%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%205%283%29%2C%20pp.%20255%26%23x2013%3B256.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390050311%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390050311%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Quaternary%20of%20Wales.%20Geological%20Conservation%20Review.%20S.%20CAMPBELL%2C%20D.%20Q.%20BOWEN%2C%20Publisher%20Nature%20Conservancy%20Council%2C%20Peterborough%201989%20%28237%20pp%29%20%5Cu00a327.00%20ISBN%200%2086139%20570%200%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scourse%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%201%2C%201990%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390050311%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221099-1417%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjqs.3390050311%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-02-17T21%3A20%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IKWKHU9P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vivian%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221887%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVivian%2C%20H.H.%20%281887%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDescription%20of%20the%20Park%20Cwm%20tumulus%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArchaeologia%20Cambrensis%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2042%2C%20pp.%20197%26%23x2013%3B201.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F2919943%5C%2F3007332%5C%2F40%23%3Fxywh%3D-1737%252C-196%252C5652%252C3913%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F2919943%5C%2F3007332%5C%2F40%23%3Fxywh%3D-1737%252C-196%252C5652%252C3913%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Description%20of%20the%20Park%20Cwm%20tumulus%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vivian%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221887%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.library.wales%5C%2Fview%5C%2F2919943%5C%2F3007332%5C%2F40%23%3Fxywh%3D-1737%252C-196%252C5652%252C3913%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2296T72M5Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vulliamy%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221960%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVulliamy%2C%20C.E.%20%281960%29%20%26%23x201C%3BStouthall%2060%20Years%20Ago%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGower%20journal%20of%20the%20Gower%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2013%2C%20pp.%2011%26%23x2013%3B15.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Stouthall%2060%20Years%20Ago%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vulliamy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221960%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-18T14%3A57%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TYB6KTGI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1902014%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWalker%2C%20E.A.%20%282017%29%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCollecting%20the%20Past%3A%20Aspects%20of%20Historiography%20and%20Lithic%20Artefact%20Analysis%20for%20the%20Creation%20of%20Narratives%20for%20the%20Palaeolithic%20and%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%20of%20Wales%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20University%20of%20Wales%20Trinity%20Saint%20David.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Collecting%20the%20Past%3A%20Aspects%20of%20Historiography%20and%20Lithic%20Artefact%20Analysis%20for%20the%20Creation%20of%20Narratives%20for%20the%20Palaeolithic%20and%20Mesolithic%20Archaeology%20of%20Wales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20%20submission%20%20for%20%20a%20%20PhD%20%20by%20%20Published%20%20Works%20%20examines%20%20archaeological%20%20historiography%20%20and%20%20%20lithic%20%20%20artefact%20%20%20studies%20%20%20concerning%20%20%20aspects%20%20%20of%20%20%20the%20%20%20Palaeolithic%20%20%20and%20%20%20Mesolithic%20%20%20archaeology%20%20of%20%20Wales.%20%5Cn%5CnThe%20%20critical%20%20analysis%20%20connects%20%20the%20%20published%20%20works%20%20through%20%20the%20%20theoretical%20approach%20of%20biography.%20It%20draws%20out%20themes%20of%20archaeological%2C%20stratigraphic%20and%20museum%20context%20where%20appropriate.%20%20The%20%20critical%20%20analysis%20%20commences%20%20with%20%20an%20%20examination%20%20of%20%20publications%20%20concerning%20%20the%20%20history%20%20of%20%20research%20%20at%20%20Palaeolithic%20%20cave%20%20sites%20%20in%20%20Wales.%20%20It%20%20identifies%20%20the%20%20sources%20%20and%20%20methodologies%20used%20then%20analyses%20their%20effectiveness%20for%20presenting%20histories%20of%20caves.%20The%20historiography%20of%20lithic%20artefact%20studies%20is%20then%20examined%20before%20an%20analysis%20is%20offered%20of%20the%20methodological%20approaches%20of%20technology%2C%20chronology%2C%20typology%20and%20the%20cha%5Cu00eene%20op%5Cu00e9ratoireas%20%20used%20%20in%20%20the%20%20published%20%20works.%20%20By%20%20applying%20%20the%20%20concept%20%20that%20%20artefacts%20%20have%20%20biographies%2C%20%20the%20%20archaeological%20%20context%20%20for%20%20individual%20%20and%20%20surface%20%20assemblages%20%20of%20%20lithic%20%20artefacts%20%20is%20%20explored.%20%20This%20%20leads%20%20to%20%20a%20%20discussion%20%20of%20%20archaeological%20%20projects%20%20which%20%20examines%20%20the%20%20fieldwork%20techniques%20adopted%20in%20the%20publications%20to%20elucidate%20archaeological%20context.%20There%20is%20an%20examination%20of%20the%20factors%20that%20influence%20the%20resulting%20archive%20and%20a%20discussion%20of%20its%20use%20%20as%20%20a%20%20resource%20%20for%20%20determining%20%20past%20%20work%20%20at%20%20archaeological%20%20sites.%20%20By%20%20exploring%20%20these%20%20topics%20%20the%20%20concept%20%20of%20%20biographies%20%20of%20%20people%2C%20%20places%2C%20%20artefacts%20%20and%20%20projects%20%20emerges.%20%20These%20%20biographies%20%20%20are%20%20%20drawn%20%20%20together%20%20%20into%20%20%20an%20%20%20assessment%20%20%20of%20%20%20their%20%20%20use%20%20%20for%20%20%20presenting%20%20%20archaeological%20narratives%20for%20regions%20of%20Wales.%20%20%5Cn%5CnThe%20final%20conclusions%20draw%20the%20aims%20of%20the%20critical%20analysis%20of%20the%20published%20works%20together%20before%20%20offering%20%20concluding%20%20thoughts%20%20about%20%20the%20%20continuation%20%20of%20%20antiquarian%20%20traditions%20%20in%20%20collecting%20lithic%20artefacts%20across%20Wales.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Wales%20Trinity%20Saint%20David%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-30T16%3A32%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Allen, E.E. and Rutter, J.G. (1948) Gower Caves: A Survey of the Gower Caves with an Account of Recent Excavations, Part 2. Welsh Guides. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZNNQOgAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22J.+G.+Rutter%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bwicVcu5EcHYU-mYqKAL&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAg (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Anon (2012) Cathole Cave, Parkmill, Coflein. Available at: http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/305612/details/CATHOLE+CAVE%2C+PARKMILL/ (Accessed: June 20, 2015).
Bates, D.M. et al. (2016) Refresh of the Welsh Research Agenda for Palaeolithic & Mesolithic Archaeology 2016, p. 15. Download
Beardsley, A. and Nash, G.H. (2013) “The Survey of Cathole Cave, Gower Peninsula, South Wales,” UBSS Proceedings, 26(1), pp. 73–83. Available at: http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol26/UBSS_Proc_26_1_73-83.pdf (Accessed: June 24, 2015).
Bosse-Griffiths, K. (1955) “New Gower finds in the Swansea Museum,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 8, p. 33. Available at: https://journals.library.wales/view/1272866/1273274/54 (Accessed: February 8, 2018).
Campbell, J.B. (1977) The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Upper-Palaeolithic-Britain-Nature/dp/0198131887 (Accessed: June 24, 2015).
Campbell, S. and Bowen, D.Q. (1989) Geological conservation review : quaternary of Wales. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council. Available at: https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/14313 (Accessed: December 27, 2020).
Case, D. et al. (2014) “Excavations at Cathole Cave, Gower, Swansea,” UBSS Proceedings, 26(2), pp. 131–169. Available at: http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol26/UBSS_Proc_26_2_131-169.pdf (Accessed: February 17, 2016).
Cooper, J. (2013) Cat Hole Cave, a photographic examination, Part I: The Cat’s “Eyes,” Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/4625396/Cat_Hole_Cave_a_photographic_examination_Part_I_The_Cats_Eyes (Accessed: June 20, 2015).
Culver, S.J. (1976) “The development of the Swansea Bay Area During the Past 20,000 Years,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 27, pp. 58–62.
Dawkins, W.B. (1874) Cave Hunting Researches on the evidence of caves respecting the early inhabitants of Europe. London. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52424 (Accessed: March 23, 2018).
Garrod, D.A.E. (1926) The upper palaeolithic age in Britain. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-upper-palaeolithic-age-Britain/dp/B003HKLC0C (Accessed: July 8, 2015).
Gibson, A.M. (1982) Beaker domestic sites: a study of the domestic pottery of the late third and early second millenia B.C. in the British Isles. BAR 107. Oxford.
Green, S. and Walker, S. (1991) Ice Age Hunters: Neanderthals and Early Modern Hunters in Wales. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Ice-Age-Hunters-Simon-Walker/dp/072000358X (Accessed: July 8, 2015).
Harrison, C.J.O. (1980) “A re-examination of British Devensian and earlier holocene bird bones in the British Museum (natural history),” Journal of Archaeological Science, 7(1), pp. 53–68. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4403(80)80005-7.
Jacobi, R. (1980) The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain with special reference to Wales. In J. A. Taylor (ed.), Culture and Environment in Prehistoric Wales, pp. 15–100. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Culture_and_environment_in_prehistoric_W.html?id=2JNWAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Lucas, R.L.T. (1977) “Parson Davies,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 28, pp. 5–15.
McBurney, C.B.M. (1959) “Report on the First Season’s Fieldwork on British Upper Palaeolithic Cave Deposits,” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 25(12), pp. 260--269. Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9265754 (Accessed: July 8, 2015).
McComb, P. (1989) Upper Palaeolithic Osseous Artifacts from Britain and Belgium: An Inventory and Technological Description. British Archaeological Reports (International Series, 481). Available at: http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/upper-palaeolithic-osseous-artifacts-from-britain-and-belgium.html (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Meiklejohn, C., Chamberlain, A. and Schulting, R. (2011) “Radiocarbon dating of Mesolithic human remains in Great Britain,” Mesolithic Miscellany, 21(2), pp. 20–58. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284473218_Radiocarbon_dating_of_Mesolithic_human_remains_in_Great_Britain (Accessed: February 28, 2020).
Morris, R. (1977) “John Dillwyn Llewelyn, 1810-1882,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 28, pp. 20–23.
Morris, B. and Grenfell, H. (1970) “The Caves of Gower,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 21, pp. 36–49. Available at: http://welshjournals.llgc.org.uk/browse/viewpage/llgc-id:1272866/llgc-id:1274315/llgc-id:1274353/get650 (Accessed: July 28, 2015).
Nash, G.H. (2015) “Further Possible Discoveries of Engravings within Cathole Cave, Swansea, Gower,” Proceedings of the University of Bristol Speliology Society, 26(3). Available at: https://www.academia.edu/13724102/FURTHER_POSSIBLE_DISCOVERIES_OF_ENGRAVINGS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_SWANSEA_GOWER (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Nash, G., H. (no date) Rock Art on the Gower Peninsula in South Wales, Bradshaw Foundation. Available at: http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/british_isles_prehistory_archive/gower_peninsula_south_wales/index.php (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Nash, G.H. (2012) “Brief note of the recent discovery of upper Palaeolithic Rock Art at Cathole Cave on the Gower Peninsula, SS 5377 9002,” Archaeology in Wales, 51, pp. 111–114.
Nash, G., H. (2011) “Animals as landscape: Rock Art within a cave on the Gower Peninsula, South Wales,” Arkeos, 29, pp. 93–105. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/1202009/2011_Nash_on_Cathole_for_Arkeos_Low_res (Accessed: June 19, 2015).
Nash, G., H., van Calsteren, P. and Thomas, L. (2010) “Marks of sanctity? Discovery of rock art on the Gower Peninsula, South Wales,” Time & Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness & Culture, 4(2), pp. 149–54. Available at: http://oro.open.ac.uk/37600/ (Accessed: July 7, 2015).
Nash, G.H. et al. (2011) “Rock around the Gower: Report on the exciting rock art discovery on the Gower Peninsular and what it means for the prehistory of the British Isles.,” Minerva, pp. 22–24. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/1078395/Newly_discovered_Upper_Palaeolithic_rock_art_on_the_Gower (Accessed: June 19, 2015).
Nash, G.H. et al. (2016) “Assessing the geochemistry of possible inorganic applied pigments within Cathole Cave, Gower Peninsula, South Wales,” Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelaeol. Soc., 27(1), pp. 81–93. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305321284_ASSESSING_THE_GEOCHEMISTRY_OF_POSSIBLE_INORGANIC_APPLIED_PIGMENTS_WITHIN_CATHOLE_CAVE_GOWER_PENINSULA_SOUTH_WALES (Accessed: April 28, 2018).
Nash, G.H. et al. (2012) “A discovery of possible Upper Palaeolithic Parietal art in Cathole Cave, Gower Peninsula, South Wales,” Proceedings of the University of Bristol Speliology Society, 25(3), pp. 327–336. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/3613411/The_discovery_of_possible_Upper_Palaeolithic_Parietal_art_in_Cathole_Cave_Gower_Peninsula_South_Wales (Accessed: June 19, 2015).
Oldham, T. (1978) Caves of Gower. Anne Oldham (Privately printed). Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Caves-Gower-Tony-Oldham/dp/0904899071 (Accessed: July 8, 2015).
Oldham, T. (2003) Caves of Gower. Anne Oldham (Privately printed). Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Caves-Gower-Tony-Oldham/dp/0904899071 (Accessed: July 8, 2015).
Oweb, T.R. (1966) “The Limstones of Gower,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 17, pp. 30–34.
Price, C.R. (2003) Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Small Mammals in South west Britain: environmental and taphonomic implications and their role in archaeological research. British Series 347. Oxford: Archaeopress. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237375928_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_Small_Mammals_in_South_west_Britain_environmental_and_taphonomic_implications_and_their_role_in_archaeological_research.
Roberts, J. (1887) Cat’s Hole Cave and Park Cwm Tumulus, Gower. Swansea: The Royal Institution for South Wales, pp. 15–23.
Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales (1976) An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Wales. Volume I: Pre-Norman Part I. The Stone and Bronze Ages. Cardiff: HMSO. Available at: https://rcahmw.gov.uk/publication/glamorgan-inventory-vol-1-part-1-the-stone-and-bronze-ages-ebook-2/ (Accessed: June 30, 2016).
Savory, H.N. (1962) “Some Gower Brooches,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 15, pp. 22–28.
Scourse, J.D. (1990) “The Quaternary of Wales. Geological Conservation Review. S. CAMPBELL, D. Q. BOWEN, Publisher Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough 1989 (237 pp) £27.00 ISBN 0 86139 570 0,” Journal of Quaternary Science, 5(3), pp. 255–256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3390050311.
Vivian, H.H. (1887) “Description of the Park Cwm tumulus,” Archaeologia Cambrensis, 42, pp. 197–201. Available at: https://journals.library.wales/view/2919943/3007332/40#?xywh=-1737%2C-196%2C5652%2C3913.
Vulliamy, C.E. (1960) “Stouthall 60 Years Ago,” Gower journal of the Gower Society, 13, pp. 11–15.
Walker, E.A. (2017) Collecting the Past: Aspects of Historiography and Lithic Artefact Analysis for the Creation of Narratives for the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology of Wales. University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

Back to List